Histology

Question 1

Describe the 3 layers of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Tunica intima- inner single layer of squamous epithelial cells supported by basal lamina and thin connective tissue layer

Tunica media- predominantly smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia- supporting connective tissue

Question 2

Why are larger arteries termed elastic arteries?

Answer 2

They have many sheets of elastic fibres in their tunica media to provide recoil

Question 3

Large vessels need their own blood supply… this is termed?

Answer 3

Vasa vasorum

Question 4

Arterioles have barely any

Answer 4

tunica adventitia

Question 5

Capillaries consist of _______ and a ________

They often have ______ which have ____

Answer 5

endothelial cells
basal lamina
pericytes
contractile properties

Question 6

Capillaries drain into ______ they are referred to as venules when _________

Answer 6

post capillary venules

they begin to acquire intermittent smooth muscle cells

Question 7

Veins have a thinner _____ than in arteries

Largest veins have a thick ____

Answer 7

tunica media

tunica adventitia

Question 8

Erythrocytes have a ______ shape

They are not true cells as they don’t have a ______

Answer 8

biconcave disc

nucleus

Question 9

Neutrophils are _______ they have a ________ nucleus and are increased in _______

Answer 9

granulocytes
multi lobed
bacterial infections and steroid use

Question 10

Lymphocytes are _______ with a ______ they are increased in _____

Answer 10

Agranulocytes
round large nucleus (in comparison to the cytoplasm)
viral infections

Question 11

Monocytes are _____ and have a _______ nucleus that is ______ shaped, they increase in _____________

Answer 11

agranulocytes
non-lobulated
kidney bean
atypical infections and cancers

Question 12

Eosinophils are ______ and have prominent granules with affinity for __________ they have a ______ nucleus and increase in ____________

Answer 12

granulocytes
red dye eosin
bilobed
parasitic infections and allergies

Question 13

Basophils are ________ with a ______ nucleus (often obscured by granules) they stain intensely ____ and are rarest of granulocytes they play a role in ______

Answer 13

granulocytes
bilobed
blue purple
allergic reactions

Question 14

The structure of the endocardium

Answer 14

endothelium
basal lamina
thin layer of collagen fibres
layer of denser connective tissue

Question 15

The structure of the myocardium

Answer 15

bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres that are individually surrounded by delicate collagen connective tissue with a rich capillary network. Intercalated discs pass through the fibres.

Question 16

The structure of the epicardium

Answer 16

single layer of flattened mesothelium
basal lamina
fibroelastic connective tissue and in some places adipose tissue
coronary vessels are typically embedded in this adipose tissue

Question 17

Structure of pericardium

Answer 17

fibrous= tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue
Serous= simple squamous mesothelium backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue

Question 18

Structure of heart valves?

Answer 18

outer endothelial layer with a basal lamina
layer of collagen and elastin fibres
a lamina fibrosa (core of connective tissue) which is continuous with the fibrous skeleton
leaflets of mitral and tricuspid valves are anchored to papillary muscle by collagenous strands called chord tendinae
there are no blood vessels

Question 19

Structure of pacemaker cells?

Answer 19

smaller than myocytes
embedded in more extensive matrix of connective tissue
histologically appear pale

Question 20

Structure of purkinje fibres?

Answer 20

These are larger than myocytes
Found in subendocardial layer just deep to the endocardium
they appear pale with an even paler centre.