ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

An electrocardiograph is the ___1____

An electrocardiogram is the ____2_____

A

1 machine

2 information generated

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2
Q

When depolarisation moves towards the recording electrode the ECG generates ____1_____
When depolarisation moves away from the recording electrode the ECG generates ____2____

A

1 an upwards deflection

2 a downwards deflection

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3
Q

There are __1___ leads and ____2___ electrodes (___3___)

A

1 12 leads
2 10 electrodes
3 6 chest and 4 limb

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4
Q

Placement of V1

A

4th ICS immediately right of the sternum

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5
Q

Placement of V2

A

4th ICS left of sternum

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6
Q

Placement of V3

A

Midway between V2 and V4

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7
Q

Placement of V4

A

5th ICS mid clavicular line

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8
Q

Placement of V5

A

Same horizontal level as V4 but on anterior axillary line

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9
Q

Placement of V6

A

Same horizontal level as V4 but on mid axillary line

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10
Q

Lead 1 is from

A

Right arm to left arm

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11
Q

Lead 2 is from

A

Right arm to left leg

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12
Q

Lead 3

A

Left arm to left leg

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13
Q

P wave is

A

Atrial depolarisation

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14
Q

QRS complex is

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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15
Q

T wave is

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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16
Q

PR interval is

A

Start of p wave to start of QRS. Reflects the time for SA impulse to reach the ventricles, normally ).12-0.2 seconds. Strongly influenced by the AV node delay.

17
Q

ST segment is

A

End of QRS to start of T wave. Normally isoelectric. Elevation or depression is abnormal.

18
Q

QT interval is

A

start of QRS to end of T wave. Primarily reflects that time for ventricular depolarisation and depolarisation normally 0.44s in males and 0.46s in females. Prolongation may be caused by drugs.

19
Q

Calibration of ECG?

A

25mm/s

10mm/mV

20
Q

Normal resting ECG doesn’t exclude?

A
  • Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)! May or may not cause characteristic ECG changes (e.g. ST elevation)
  • Intermittent Rhythm Disturbance! If suspected do ambulatory ECG recording for 24 hrs or 7 days
  • Stable Angina (a form of Ischaemic Heart Disease) If suspected do exercise ECG. Look for ST changes during/after exercise. Usually absent during rest!
21
Q

Tall QRS complexes usually imply

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

22
Q

Inferior view of heart from

A

2, 3 and avF

23
Q

Lateral view of the heart from

A

1, avL, V5 and V6

24
Q

Anterior view of the heart from

25
Septal view
V1, V2
26
If heart rate regular work out rate from | If irregular
300/ no of large squares between beats number of QRS complexes in 30 squares x 10
27
If lead 1 and AvF are both upright the axis is
normal
28
If lead 1 is upright but AVF downwards the axis is
left
29
If lead 1 is downwards but AVF upwards the axis is
right
30
Ventricular ectopics may have broad
QRS complexes
31
Length of normal qrs?
0.12 seconds (3 small squares)
32
What change will occur first on ECG in acute MI?
Tall T waves
33
Common artery affected in inferior MI?
Right coronary artery
34
Common artery affected in anterior MI?
Left anterior descending
35
Common artery affected in high lateral MI?
A diagonal branch of LAD
36
Common artery affected by low lateral MI?
Obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex artery
37
What is a narrow qrs typical of?
SVT