Anatomy Flashcards
Phrenic nerve descends on the surface of the ______1_____, ____2____ to the root of the lung.
1 pericardium
2 anterior
Haemopericardium is…
If this puts pressure on the heart and prevents it from contracting it is…
Blood in the pericardial space
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardiocentesis is…
Needle aspiration of the pericardial cavity to remove excess fluid or blood within the space.
Where do you insert the needle for pericardiocentesis?
Insert needle in infrasternal angle, needle advanced superiorly and posteriorly
What is the transverse pericardial sinus and where does it lie?
A space within the pericardial cavity, posterosuperioly. It lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Base= Inferior= Right lateral border= Left lateral border= Inferior border= Superior border=
• Base =posterior surface. Inferior=diaphragmatic surface. • Right lateral border=right atrium • Left lateral border= left ventricle • Inferior border=right ventricle • Superior border= where all the great vessels emerge
Venous return from the head and neck is?
Internal jugular vein
Venous return from the upper limb is?
Subclavian vein
Joining of what two veins makes the brachiocephalic vein?
Internal jugular vein and subclavian
The two brachiocephalic veins join to make the…
Superior vena cava
The pulmonary trunk divides into…
The left and right pulmonary artery
What is the first branch of the aorta?
The coronary arteries
What part of the aorta do coronary arteries arise from?
The ascending aorta
Branches of the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic trunk is first branch
Left common carotid and left subclavian are others.
What does the coronary sinus separate?
The base and the diaphragmatic/ inferior surface of the heart
What does the azygous vein drain and where does it drain into?
The intercostal spaces and it then drains into the superior vena cava.
What are auricles?
These are on the surface of the heart and are extensions of the atria, when the atria fill with blood so do these allowing expansion of the atria.
How is the two sides of the heart coronary supply joined?
Anastamoses of the circumflex and the posterior inter ventricular artery
What is the oval fossa?
Small depression in the wall of the right atria
Explain the leaflet design of heart valves
Design on tricuspid and mitral
Valve leaflets attach to tendinous cords attach to papillary muscles. If you didn’t have this you would get prolapse into the atrium.
What valves are semilunar design?
Pulmonary valve and aortic valve
What is the moderator band?
Carries fibres of right bundle branch to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp. To ensure the three cusps all close at the same time. Allows action potential to reach anterior cusp earlier than it would if wasn’t there allowing it to shut at same time.