Cardiac Valve Disease Flashcards
There is a tapping apex beat in ___1___
There is a displaced and diffuse apex beat in ___2_____ There is a heaving and possibly displaced apex beat in ____3____
1 mitral stenosis
2 left ventricular dilatation
3 left ventricular hypertrophy
A left parasternal heave suggests
Right ventricular overload due to cor pulmonale or pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension can be caused by mitral regurgitation
A cardiac murmur is…
Audible turbulence of blood flow
Systolic murmurs
Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation
Diastolic murmurs
Aortic regurgitation and mitral stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus murmur
continuous machinery noise
Diastolic murmurs are always ___1____
Innocent murmurs are soft and in ___2__ usually best heard in ___3____ area, innocent murmurs do not __4___
1 pathological
2 systole
3 pulmonary
4 radiate
3 common causes of aortic stenosis?
Degenerative (age related)- the valve becomes calcified
Congenital bicuspid valve that degenerates quicker
Rheumatic heart disease- fairly uncommon now
Symptoms of aortic stenosis?
chest pain and syncope particularly on exertion
breathlessness
Describe aortic stenosis murmur
Ejection systolic murmur that can radiate to the carotids.
Mechanical valves tend to be offered to ____1____ as these require ___2____
Tissue valves tend to be offered to ___3___ as these _____4___
1 younger patients
2 lifelong warfarin
3 elderly patients
4 don’t require lifelong warfarin
aortic stenosis egg may show
LVH
Mitral regurgitation can occur due to abnormalities in (5)
valve leaflets the annulus chord tendinae papillary muscles left ventricle
Most common causes of mitral regurgitation are
degenerative disease (myxomatous)
papillary muscle rupture due to ischaemia
rheumatic heart disease
endocarditis
symptoms of mitral regurgitation
palpitations
dyspnoea and orthopnoea
fatigue and lethargy