Histology

Question 1

Name the 3 layers of the blood vessels

Answer 1

Inner layer: Tunica intima
Middle layer: Tunica media
Outer layer: Tunica adventitia

Question 2

How is the tunica intima made up?

Answer 2

single layer of squamous epithelial cells termed endothelial cells supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 3

How is the tunica media made up?

Answer 3

predominately of smooth muscle

Question 4

How is the tunica adventitia made up?

Answer 4

supporting connective tissue

Question 5

What seperates the tunica intima from the tunica media?

Answer 5

internal elastic membrane

Question 6

What seperates the tunica media from the tunica adventitia?

Answer 6

external elastic membrane

Question 7

What makes up arterioles?

Answer 7

one or two layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media and almost no adventitia

Question 8

What makes up capillaries?

Answer 8

endothelial cells and a basal lamina

Question 9

What makes up venules?

Answer 9

endothelial cell and contain a thin layer of connective tissue and occasional pericytes. In the tunica media they aquire intermedittent smooth muscle cells

Question 10

What makes up veins?

Answer 10

tunica intima, have a relatively thin but continuous tunica media typically consisting of a few layers of smooth muscle
Largest veins have a thick tunica adventitia

Question 11

What are the three layers of the heart, inside to outside?

Answer 11

Endocardium: inner layer

Myocardium: middle layer

Epicardium: outer layer

Question 12

What is the endocardium made up of?

Answer 12

Endothelium
 Basal lamina
 Thin layer of collagen fibres
 Layer of denser connective tissue 
 In some areas there is also a subendocardium of loose connective tissue

Question 13

What is the myocardium made up of?

Answer 13

Bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres.

Individual muscle fibres are surrounded by delicate, collagenous connective tissue with a rich network of capillaries.

Question 14

What is the epicardium made up of?

Answer 14

A single layer of flattened epithelium called mesothelium.
Basal lamina
Fibroelastic connective tissue and, in some places, adipose tissue.

Question 15

What makes up the hearts “fibrous skeleton”?

Answer 15

thick bands of fibrous connective tissue around the heart valves, between the atria, and between the ventricles

Question 16

What are heart valves made up of?

Answer 16

• outer endothelial layer with basal lamina.
• layer of collagen and elastin fibres.
• core of dense connective tissue, called the lamina fibrosa, that is in continuity with the fibrous skeleton

Question 17

What are the leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves anchored to and by what?

Answer 17

Papillary muscles by chordae tendinae

Question 18

What are the 3 types of cardiac muscle cell?

Answer 18

Contractile cells
Pacemaker cells
Conducting cells

Question 19

Are pacemaker cells small?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

Where are Purkinje fibres found?

Answer 20

the subendocardial layer just deep to the endocardium

Question 21

What do lymph vessels look like?

Answer 21

no central pump, but smooth muscle in walls