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1. Cardiovascular > Common drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease > Flashcards

Common drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 Anti Hypertensive drugs

A

Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Vasodilators

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2
Q

Name 6 Anti Anginal drugs

A 
Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Nitrates
Nicorandil
Ivabradine
Ranolazine
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3
Q

Name 3 types of Anti Thrombotic drugs

A

Antiplatelet drugs - Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor
Anticoagulants -Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran
Fibrinolytics -Streptokinase, tPA

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4
Q

Name 2 types of Anti Cholesterol drugs

A

Statins e.g. Simvastatin

Fibrates e.g. Bezafibrate

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5
Q

Name an Anti Arrhythmic drug

A

Digoxin

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6
Q

How do duiretics work?

A

block Na reabsorption in the kidney

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7
Q

Name 2 types of duiretics and what they are used for

A 
1.Thiazide diuretics
 mild e.g. Bendrofluazide
 Used in hypertension
2.Loop diuretics
 stronger e.g. Furosemide
 Used in heart failure
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8
Q

What are the side effects to duiretics?

A

Hypokalaemia (tired), Arrhythmias, Hyperglycaemia(Diabetes), increased Uric Acid(Gout), Impotence

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9
Q

What are the two types of Beta Blockers?

A

1.Cardioselective β Blockers
2.Non selective β Blockers

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10
Q

What do Cardioselective Beta blockers do and when are they used?

A

Only block β1 receptors e.g. Atenolol

Used in angina, hypertension and heart failure

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11
Q

What do Non Selective Beta blockers do and when are they used?

A

Block β1 and β2 receptors e.g. Propranolol

Used in thyrotoxicosis

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12
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Asthma – never use in established asthma
Tired
Heart Failure (Beta blockers good in medium/long term in heart failure but can worsen heart failure in short term)
Cold peripheries

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13
Q

When are calcium antagonists used?

A

hypertension and angina

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14
Q

Name the two types of calcium antagonists

A
  1. Dihydropyridines e.g. Amlodipine

2. Rate limiting calcium antagonists e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem

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15
Q

What do alpha blockers do and when are they used?

A

Cause vasodilation by blocking a adrenoreceptors
Used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy
e.g. Doxazosin

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16
Q

What is the side effect of alpha blocker use?

A

increased risk of Postural hypotension

17
Q

What do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?

A

Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II e.g. Lisinopril

18
Q

When are ACE inhibitors used?

A

hypertension and heart failure

19
Q

When are Angiotensin Receptor Blockers used?

A

e.g. Losartan

hypertension and heart failure

20
Q

What has an “ARTAN” ending?

A

Angiotensin Receptor blockers

21
Q

What has a “PRIL” ending?

A

All ACE inhibitors

22
Q

What do Nitrates do and when are they used?

A

Venodilators e.g. Isosorbide monoritrate

Used in - angina, acute heart failure

23
Q

What do Antiplatelet Agents prevent?

A

Thrombosis - used in patients with high risk

24
Q

Name some Antiplatelet Agents

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel

25
Q

What do Anticoagulents do?

A

Prevent new thrombosis

Block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)

26
Q

When are anticoagulents used?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
NSTEMI
Atrial Fibrillation

27
Q

What reverses anticoagulents?

A

Vitamin K

28
Q

What do Fibrinolytic Drugs do?

A

dissolve formed clots

29
Q

When are Fibrinolytic Drugs used?

A

e.g. Streptokinase and tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA)
Use in STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)

30
Q

When are Statins used?

A 
hypercholesterolaemia
diabetes
Angina/MI
CVA/TIA
High risk of MI and CVA
31
Q

When are Fibrates used?

A

hypertriglyceridaemia andlow HDL cholesterol

32
Q

When are Anti Arrhythmic drugs used?

A

Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Amiodarone, Beta Blockers, Flecainide

33
Q

When is Digoxin used?

A
  1. Blocks atrial-ventricular (AV) conduction

2. Increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

34
Q

What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting, Yellow vision, Bradycardia, Heart Block, Ventricular Arrhythmias

1. Cardiovascular (30 decks)

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