Common drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease Flashcards
Name 3 Anti Hypertensive drugs
Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Vasodilators
Name 6 Anti Anginal drugs
Beta Blockers Calcium Antagonists Nitrates Nicorandil Ivabradine Ranolazine
Name 3 types of Anti Thrombotic drugs
Antiplatelet drugs - Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor
Anticoagulants -Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran
Fibrinolytics -Streptokinase, tPA
Name 2 types of Anti Cholesterol drugs
Statins e.g. Simvastatin
Fibrates e.g. Bezafibrate
Name an Anti Arrhythmic drug
Digoxin
How do duiretics work?
block Na reabsorption in the kidney
Name 2 types of duiretics and what they are used for
1.Thiazide diuretics mild e.g. Bendrofluazide Used in hypertension 2.Loop diuretics stronger e.g. Furosemide Used in heart failure
What are the side effects to duiretics?
Hypokalaemia (tired), Arrhythmias, Hyperglycaemia(Diabetes), increased Uric Acid(Gout), Impotence
What are the two types of Beta Blockers?
1.Cardioselective β Blockers
2.Non selective β Blockers
What do Cardioselective Beta blockers do and when are they used?
Only block β1 receptors e.g. Atenolol
Used in angina, hypertension and heart failure
What do Non Selective Beta blockers do and when are they used?
Block β1 and β2 receptors e.g. Propranolol
Used in thyrotoxicosis
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
Asthma – never use in established asthma
Tired
Heart Failure (Beta blockers good in medium/long term in heart failure but can worsen heart failure in short term)
Cold peripheries
When are calcium antagonists used?
hypertension and angina
Name the two types of calcium antagonists
- Dihydropyridines e.g. Amlodipine
2. Rate limiting calcium antagonists e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem
What do alpha blockers do and when are they used?
Cause vasodilation by blocking a adrenoreceptors
Used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy
e.g. Doxazosin
What is the side effect of alpha blocker use?
increased risk of Postural hypotension
What do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?
Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II e.g. Lisinopril
When are ACE inhibitors used?
hypertension and heart failure
When are Angiotensin Receptor Blockers used?
e.g. Losartan
hypertension and heart failure
What has an “ARTAN” ending?
Angiotensin Receptor blockers
What has a “PRIL” ending?
All ACE inhibitors
What do Nitrates do and when are they used?
Venodilators e.g. Isosorbide monoritrate
Used in - angina, acute heart failure
What do Antiplatelet Agents prevent?
Thrombosis - used in patients with high risk
Name some Antiplatelet Agents
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel
What do Anticoagulents do?
Prevent new thrombosis
Block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)
When are anticoagulents used?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
NSTEMI
Atrial Fibrillation
What reverses anticoagulents?
Vitamin K
What do Fibrinolytic Drugs do?
dissolve formed clots
When are Fibrinolytic Drugs used?
e.g. Streptokinase and tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA)
Use in STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)
When are Statins used?
hypercholesterolaemia diabetes Angina/MI CVA/TIA High risk of MI and CVA
When are Fibrates used?
hypertriglyceridaemia andlow HDL cholesterol
When are Anti Arrhythmic drugs used?
Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Amiodarone, Beta Blockers, Flecainide
When is Digoxin used?
- Blocks atrial-ventricular (AV) conduction
2. Increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias
What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?
Nausea, vomiting, Yellow vision, Bradycardia, Heart Block, Ventricular Arrhythmias
