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Repro > Histology* > Flashcards

Histology* Flashcards

1
Q 
Ovary:
Hilum?
Cortex?
Medulla?
superficial?
A

hilum - where the blood supply enters - helicon arteries enter from the broad ligament
cortex - contains follicles
medulla - high vascular, connective tissue, nerves, lymphatics
superficial fibrous cortex covered by epithelium

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2
Q

list the layers of the ovary from the top to deep

A

simple cuboidal epithelium
dense connective tissue: tunica albuginea
connective tissue with stromal cells and muscle fibres
ovarian follicles present at various stages of development

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3
Q

when do germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia

A

around week 6

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4
Q

what happens to those germ cells

A

undergo development and division to via meiosis to form mature oocytes also known as ova

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5
Q

what is oogenesis and what is fulliculogenesis

A

O - development of oocytes the female germ cells from oogonia
F - growth of follicles which consist of the oocyte and any associated support cells

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6
Q 
6 weeks - number and name of cells 
7 months 
birth 
puberty
menopause
A 
1700 germ cells 
5 million oogonia
1 mill primary oocytes 
500000 all types of follicles 
few
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7
Q

how does loss of oogonia and oocytes occur

A

apoptotic process call atresia - cell reabsorbed after death

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8
Q

when does meiosis halt

when does it recontinue

A

prophase 1
if the oocyte undergoes further development then meiosis will restart otherwise it will remain in this state for several decades

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9
Q

what kind of cell surrounds the primary oocyte

A

pregranulosa cells without which it would die

squamous cells but when the follicle grows they become cuboidal

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10
Q

what are the 2 changes that happen to cells around the primary oocyte after development

A

stroll cells are associated with the outside and go on to become the theca
zona pellucid forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells

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11
Q

with further development which layer proliferates

A

granular layer

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12
Q

what happens to the stroll cells

A

inner layers - theca interna - secrete oestrogen precursors

outer layer will remain fibroblast like and form theca external

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13
Q

what releases oestrogen precursors and what happens to them then

A

theca interna

converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells

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14
Q

describe the layers of the late primary follicle

what begins to happen in one of the layers

A 
theca externa
theca interna
basal lamina
granulosa
zona pellucida

the granulosa cells begin to split

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15
Q

what is the space within the follicle called

A

antrum
fills with follicular fluid
oocyte still remains surrounded by a granular cells

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16
Q

when the oocyte detaches from the wall what are the granulosa cells surrounding it called

A

cumulus cells/corona radiata

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17
Q

what are the largest follicles called and how wide can they be

A

graafian follicles

20mm in dm

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18
Q

what happens in an oocyte in the largest graafian follicle one day before occupation

A

meiosis 1 but instead of 2 cells it will produce one cell called the secondary oocyte

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19
Q

what happens to other polar body that is formed

A

carried away to degenerate

20
Q

what does the secondary oocyte trigger

where does that stop

A

second phase of meiosis

metaphase 2

21
Q

when is meiosis completed

A

after it has been released (ovulation) and fertilised by a sperm will it become a fully mature oocyte

22
Q

after ovulation what does the follicle transform into

A

corpus luteum

23
Q

what do the theca and granulosa cells then secrete

A

oestrogen and progesterone which help prepare the uterus for implantation

24
Q

if no implantation occurs what happens to the CL

A

becomes white coloured connective tissue called corpus albicans

25
Q

what happens if implantation occurs

A

placenta secretes HCG which prevents degeneration of the CL

26
Q

where of the funnel shaped infindibulum move

A

moves so its opening is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

27
Q

how does the ovum move down the tube

A

propelled by gentle peristalsis and currents created by ciliated epithelium

28
Q

what do secretory cells in the epithelium secrete

A

nutrients

29
Q

where does fertilisation usually occur

A

ampulla and the fertilised ovum is then transported tot he uterus for implantation

30
Q

fallopian tube labelled from the end to the middle

A 
fimbria 
infundibulum 
ampulla
isthmus
interstitial part
31
Q

what does the ampulla look like

A

mucosa is folded and lined by simple columns epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells. surrounded by 2 layers smooth muscle

32
Q

what does the isthmus look like

A

epithelium mostly secretory with few ciliated cells

3 layers of smooth muscle

33
Q

what is the uterine wall made up of
inner secretory mucosa called what
then middle
outer layer

A

endometrium - shed during periods - made up of tubular secretory glands embedded in CT stroma
coat of 3 layers of SM combined with collaged and elastin called the myometrium
outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium - perimetrium

34
Q

what is the inner layer divided into

A

stratum functionalis - undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss
stratum basal is - reserve tissue that regenerates SF (part of endometrium and myometrium)

35
Q

during the proliferative phase what happens

A

glands, stroma and vasculature grow - increases the thickness of the endometrium

36
Q

what happens during the secretory phase

A

glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

37
Q

what happens during the menstrual phase

A

arterioles in the functionalism undergo constriction - ischeamia - tissue breakdown and tissue sloughing

38
Q

what is the cervix

A

short cylinder with a small lumen that projects into the upper vagina

39
Q

what is the histology of the cervix

A

mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on its vaginal surface by transitioning to mucous secreting epithelium simple columnar epithelium - transition zone - frequent place for cancer

40
Q

where are the mucous secreting epithelium of the canal

A

deep furrowed - forms endocervical glands which secrete thin stuff first to allow sperm through then thick stuff to prevent the passage of sperm and micro organisms after ovulation

41
Q

list the 4 layers of vagina

A

non keratinised stratified squamous eputhlium
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
adventitia

42
Q

are there glands in the walls of the vagina

A

no - lubricated y mucous form cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled vessels of the lamina propria

43
Q

how is the growth of pathogenic bacteria inhibited

A

commensal bacteria metabolise the glycogen to lactic acid which inhibit the growth

44
Q

what is the external gentile outer layer called and what does it consist of

A

labia majora
extension of mons pubis, similar structure and rich in apocrine swear glands and sebeceous glands and with small bundles of smooth muscle
hair follicles on the outside

45
Q

labia minora
lacks
has more of

A

thin skin that lack subcut fat and hair follicles

rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands

46
Q

where is the transition in cells in the labia minora

A

hymen - goes from keratinised from opening of vagina to hymen then its non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

what does the clitoris contain

A

two tubes of erectile vascular tissue covered by fibrocollageneous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis

Repro (56 decks)

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