Healthy term infant ix Flashcards
average male at 28 weeks weight what and is what percent fat
1150g
3.5% fat
average male at term weight what and is what percent fat
3550g
15% fat
what is the daily weight gain in third trimester
24g
normal weight of babies
2.5-4kg
>4kg large for gestational age
<2.5kg small for gestational age
triggers of delivery
maternal
fetal, size, hormonal
how does a baby survive labour
hypoxia environment
during contractions is by fetal hb releasing oxygen
what can prolonged labour of
reduce fetal reserves
what hormones enhance adaption
increased cortisol and adrenaline
what happens during the first few minutes
first breath/cry alveolar expansion decreased pulmonary arterial pressure change form fetal to newborn circulation increased carbon dioxide apgar score
what is the normal baby heart rate
120-160
incidence of haemolytic newborn disease
potential morbidity
treatment
risk
rare
2 in 1000
GI, lungs, CNS
vitamin K IM or oral
breast fed babies have a higher risk than formula fed babies
what is haemolytic disease of the newborn
disorder of blotting - cannot produce enough factors and can present with bleeding in lots of different organs
why is vitamin K IM preferred over oral
IM leaves a depo which can be absorbed over a month - if given orally more doses have to be given
what is the mum screened for in terms of infections
hep B hep C HIV TB croup B strep syphilis gonococcus
infant vaccinations
hep B at birth
BCG in the first month
routine vaccinations 8 weeks
maternal whooping cough and flu vaccines
screening tests
guthrie card
universal hearing screening
hip screening clinical and USS
what is on a guthrie card/blood spot card
CF
hypothyroid
MCCAD
PKU
what may be seen on examination of the head
OFC moulding overlapping sutures fontanelles cephalohaemtaoma caput succedaneum - generalised swelling of the head ventouse/forceps marks
what should the eyes be checked for
size
red reflex for congenital cataracts
conjunctival haemorrhage
squints - frequent
how should the ears be examined
position
external auditory canal
family history for HL
tags/pits
mouth examination
shape philtrum tongue tie palate neonatal teeth ebstains pearls sucking/rooting reflex
face examination
facial palsy
fetal alcohol syndrome - hard to spot
respiratory examination
chest shape nasal flaring grunting tachypnoea in drawing breath sounds
CVS examination
colour sats pulses - femoral one apex/thrills heart sounds
abd exam
moves with respiration distension bile stained vom passage of meconium anus
genitourinary exam
normal passage of urine
normla genitalia
undescended testes
hypospadius
MSK exam
limbs and digits movements contractures spine sacral dimples hip exam - ortolani/barlow
neurological exam
posture
tone
movement
reflexes
skin exam
dryness/cracking milia birth marks erythema toxic capillary hermangiomas
health promotions for parent
smoking
alcohol
drug use
diet
