HISTOLOGY Flashcards
seen in
smudge cells
CLL
seen in
reed-sternberg cells
positive CD15+, CD30+
hodgkin lymphoma
abnormal lymphocyte, B cell (giant cell)
seen in
pseudo-pegler huet cells
myeloproliferative diseases
bilobed neutrophils
what is the arrow indicating
Burkitt Lymphoma
macrophage
‘starry night sky’
seen in
ALL
lymphoblasts
children
cells with fine chromatin and a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, as seen in the image
seen in
mycosis fungoides
non-septate, 90% (wide) branching hyphae
seen in
recent illness
acute haemolytic anaemia
jaundice
G6PD deficiency
Heinz bodies
Heinz bodies = precipitated, denatured hemoglobin deposits within red blood cells, indicating oxidant injury,
Howell-Jolly bodies = residual nuclear DNA remnants in mature red blood cells, often associated with splenic dysfunction
seen in
call exner bodies
granulosa cell tumours
‘call granny exner’
clusters surrounding a central cavity with eosinophilic secretions, resembling primordial follicles.
seen in
can be one part of Meigs syndrome
ovarian fibroma
spindle cells
seen in
sertoli-leydig cell tumour
reinke crystals in leydig cells
seen in
Pautrier microabscesses
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
epidermis contains numerous atypical T-cells
seen in
malignant, postmenopausal
hyperplasia pathway
endometrioid carcinoma
endometrial cancer - hyperplasia pathway
tightly packed glands > stroma
seen in
sporadic pathway
serous papillary carcinoma
**endometrial cancer **- sporadic pathway
no precursor lesion
serous, papillary projections, psamomma bodies
seen in
thyroid
graves disease
irregular follicles, scalloped colloid, chornic inflammation
arrythmia
hyperthermia
vomiting
hypovolemic shock
aggitation, anxious, LOC
in setting of thyroid
thyroid storm
graves disease complication
elevated catecholamines, hormone excess
trigger: stresser - childbirth, surgery
Tx: PTU, BB, steroids
women childbearing age
diffuse goiter
high T4
low TSH
hypocholesterolaemia
increased serum glucose
graves disease
multinodular goiter types (2)
euthyroid (nontoxic)
toxic goiter
TSH-independant - toxic goiter (not under TSH control)
multinodular goiter - due to relative iodine deficiency
mental retardation, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, coarse facial features, enlarged tongue, umbilical hernia
cretinism
hypothyroidism in neonates
thyroid H needed for brain/skeletal dev
lithium can cause
hypothyroidism
seen in
hypothyroidism
hashimoto thyroiditis
chronic inflammation with germinal centers and Hurthle cells (eosinophillic metaplasia of cells lining follicles)
anithyroglobulin AB
antithyroid peroxidase AB
HLA-DR5
hashimoto thyroiditis
anti-Tg
Anti-TPO
hashimoto thyroiditis has increased risk for
B cell marginal zone lymphoma (MZL)
enlarging thyroid gland in hashimotos late in disease course - think …
40yo
hypothyroidism
chronic inflammation
extensive fibrosis of thyroid
non-tender
invasion of i.e. airway
riedel fibrosing thyroiditis
‘hard as wood’
malignant cells absent
patients young - 40yo
can mimic anaplastic carcinoma (but this is seen in older patients)
what shows up as a hot (1) or cold (2) thyroid nodule
hot = graves
cold = adenoma, carcinoma
thyroid neoplasma - typically benign
biopsy by FNA
proliferation of follicles
fibrous capsule
non-functional
follicular adenoma
rarely secrete thyroid hormone
white clearing of nuclei
nuclar groves
psammoma bodies
from exposure to ionising ration in childhood
can spread to cervical LN
good prognosis
papillary carcinoma thyroid
‘orphan annie nuclei’
psammoma bodies
malignant proliferation of follicles
fibrous capsule
with invasion
follicular carcinoma
metastasis haematogenously
invasion differentiates from adenoma
FNA only examines cells NOT the capsule
carcinoma Dx cannot be made by FNA
carcinomas tend to like to spread via LN
which carcinomas (exceptions 4) prefer to metastasise haematogenously
RCC - renal v
HCC - hepatic v
FC - follicular ca
CC - choriocarcinoma
malignant cells in an amyloid stroma
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
amyloid
MEN 2A 2B (RET oncogene)
calcitonin –> hypocalcaemia
calcitonin deposit as amyloid
elderly
undifferentiated
malignant tumour thyroid
invasive
dysphagia, respiratory compromise
poor prognosis
anaplastic carcinoma
riedel thyroiditis can mimic this (but younger pts & no malignant cells)
seen in
bone malignancy
chondrosarcoma
chondrocyte-like cells
hyaline like cartilage produced
mesenchymal cell origin
