BEHAVIOURAL HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

recreational sympathomimmetics (cocaine, amphetamines) inhibits …

A

reuptake from synaptic cleft by MATs
(monoamine transporters)

*terminating stimulation of postsyanptic neurons -> increases NE, serotonin, dopamine in synaptic cleft *

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2
Q

tetrahydrocannabinol has what affect on adenyl cyclase

A

inhibits

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3
Q

dry mouth
red eyes
impaired reaction time
mydriasis
mild tachycardia
delusion/paranoia

A

cannabis intoxication

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4
Q

what receptor does LSD activate

A

5-HT2A in CNS

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5
Q

visual illusions
synesthesia
disortered time perception
mild sympathomimetic
anxiety, aggitation, paranoid delusions (bad trip)

A

LSD intoxication
lysergic acid diethylamide

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6
Q

formication

A

sensation of insects crawling on/under skin

cocaine, amphetamines

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7
Q

negative urine screening

A

bath salts

(stimulant - natural occuring amphetamine) sympathetic stim+ neuropsych

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8
Q

amphetamines can be synthesised from

A

over the counter pseudoephedrine

(cold & flu meds)

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9
Q

LSD can be synthesised from

A

ergotamine

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10
Q

GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) can be synthesised from

A

sodium oxybate

GHB = direct agonist of GABA receptors

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10
Q

cocaine can be used as

A

a local anaesthetic
(or recreationally - induce euphoria)

binds & inhibits MATs - decreased reuptake NE, dop, ser

anaesthetic properties from Na+ channel blockade
indirect symathomimmetic - pupil dilation from blockade a and b receptors

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11
Q

? should be used with caution in cocaine users

A

beta blockers
(unopposed a1 stimulation can cause hypertensive crisis)

especially non-selective

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12
Q

Overdose with MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) can cause …..

2 things

A

serotonin syndrome
MDMA induced SIADH

MDMA stimulates ADH (vasopressin) release, leading to water retention and hyponatremia.
This occurs via serotonin activation of the hypothalamus, which controls ADH secretion.
excess serotonin activity, particularly at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.
Leads to neuromuscular excitation, autonomic instability, and altered mental status.

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13
Q

thirst, euphoria, confusion, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, tremor, and hyponatremia

A

MDMA intoxication

Ecstacy

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14
Q

mood swings (rapid, brief)
irritability
slurred speech
conjunctial injection
ataxia / dysdiadochokinesia
perioral exematous rash

A

inhalent

MOA similar to nitric oxide - short duration 15-45min

aerosol, glue, show polish, paint

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15
Q

how does PCP (phencyclidine) act on receptors

A

inhibition NMDA receptors
activation dopaminergic receptors

usually smoked

16
Q

patients with stimulant intoxication should be treated with

A

benzodiazapines i.e. midazolam

avoid antipsychotics i.e. hapoperidol in stimulant intoxication - decrease seizure threshold

17
Q

runny nose
yawn, irritable
leg muscle cramps
diarrhoea, abdo pain
cool, damp skin, piloerection
sympathetic hyperactivity i.e. reflexes

A

heroin (opiate) withdrawal

To quote John Lennon: “My body is aching, goose-pimple bone, can’t see nobody, leave me alone/ my eyes are wide open, can’t get to sleep, one thing I’m sure of, I’m in at the deep freeze/ cold turkey has got me on the run.”

18
Q

brains reward pathway is called

A

mesocorticolimbic pathway

incldues 3 areas: frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental

release of doapmine in these areas caused by drug use (strengthens, motivates use)

19
Q

smoking cessation treatment

A

nicotine replacement therapy
& varenicline & bupropion

20
Q

Acute delirium resulting from thiamine deficiency. Triad of cerebellar dysfunction, confusion, and ocular findings.

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Thiamine cofactor for enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism: α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and transketolase
*
occular findings - opthalmoplegia, nystagmus, ptosis*

21
Q

what can precipitate wernickes encephalopathy during treatment of i.e. gastroenteritis

A

giving IV with glucose prior to thiamine

can further deplete thiamine levels

must give thiamine before treatment

22
Q

irreversible, late manifestation of confabulations, memory loss/personality change is….

A

Korsakoff psychosis

manifests after Wernickes encephalopathy

23
Q

Drug treatment for alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazapines

binding to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors

conformational change -> increases the frequency of channel opening -> influx of chloride ions.

24
Q

list 6 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

**ABCCCD: **
chronic Alcohol overuse
Beriberi
Coxsackie B myocarditis
chronic Cocaine use
Chagas disease
Doxorubicin toxicity

25
Q

wernickes speech area and supply

A

left posterior superior temporal lobe
inferior division MCA

26
Q

meg

what drug can decrease the seizure threshold in anorexic patients

A

bupropion

atypical antidepressant - blocks epi & dop reuptake

anorexia nervosa associated with major depression

27
Q

signs of cocaine withdrawal

A

hypersomnia (sleepy)
hyperphagia (hungry)
depressed
low energy

28
Q

timeline for:
acute stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder

A

ASD: 3d - 1mo
PTSD: >1mo

29
Q

reversible
acute onset confusional state
fluctuating consciousness

A

delirium

more prevelent elderly / PD / dementia / prior stroke (reduced cognitive reserve)

30
Q

patient projects feeling about another onto physician

A

transference

physician is seen as parent

31
Q

teen
persistent rash nose & mouth
dry, flakey, eczematous
erythromatous nasal nmucosa
friable gold stippling
grades dropping at school

A

inhalent abuse