Histology

Question 1

What are the 4 basic cell types?

Answer 1

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective tissues, Nerve

Question 2

Epithelial cells structure (layers and shape)

Answer 2

• Simple or Stratified or Pseudostratified
• Squamous, Cubical, Columnar

Question 3

Function of epithelial cells (3)

Answer 3

• Covers and protects
• Separates organs and body compartments
• Secretory + absorptive

Question 4

Types of muscle (3)

Answer 4

• Skeletal (voluntary control)
• Cardiac
• Smooth (sustained + involuntary)

Question 5

Muscle function (3)

Answer 5

Control orifices, regulates temperature, regulates blood flow

Question 6

Connective tissue function

Answer 6

Support, protect, give structure to (gel-like substances)

Question 7

Connective tissue in ligaments purpose

Answer 7

Really strong to hold joints together

Question 8

Connective tissue in tendons purpose

Answer 8

Fibrous, attaches muscle to bone and transfers force from muscle to bone

Question 9

Adipose tissue function

Answer 9

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning, heat generation

Question 10

Neurones

Answer 10

Neural activity for automatic/ voluntary control

Question 11

Glial cells (and their function)

Answer 11

Supporting nerve cells, hold neurons in place, protects and nourishes

Question 12

Apical surface (epithelial cells)

Answer 12

Side facing lumen/ free space

Question 13

Transitional epithelium shape and purpose

Answer 13

Diamond shape to be able to stretchhhh

Question 14

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 14

Fibrous (fibre), Fibro-cellular (fibre + cells), matrical (hard)

Question 15

Interstitial growth

Answer 15

• Happens in young animals
• Chondroblasts lay matrix + fibres
• They get trapped in lacunae in mature cartillage

Question 16

Appositional growth

Answer 16

• Perichondrium turns to chondroblasts to form new cartillage on outer layer. Cartillage expands outwards and chondrocytes become trapped (to maintain)

Question 17

Perichondrium

Answer 17

Dense parallel collagen fibres covering surface of cartillage

Question 18

Lacunae

Answer 18

Contains osteocytes

Question 19

Woven bone

Answer 19

Immature, randomly arranged. (becomes lamella)

Question 20

Lamella bone

Answer 20

Regular parallel bands of collagen in sheets, stronger

Question 21

Cancellous bone (Type of Lamella bone)

Answer 21

Found in centre + ends of long bones, flat bones. (spongy bone)

Question 22

Compact bone (Type of Lamella bone)

Answer 22

• Organised into Haversian system/ osteons.
• Shell around cancellous

Question 23

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 23

No cartillage template, spontaneous osteoid secretion at multiple places then fused together

Question 24

Endochondral ossification

Answer 24

Forms from cartillage model, osteoblasts on top (long bones, vertebrae, pelvis)