Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic cell types?

A

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective tissues, Nerve

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2
Q

Epithelial cells structure (layers and shape)

A
  • Simple or Stratified or Pseudostratified
  • Squamous, Cubical, Columnar
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3
Q

Function of epithelial cells (3)

A
  • Covers and protects
  • Separates organs and body compartments
  • Secretory + absorptive
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4
Q

Types of muscle (3)

A
  • Skeletal (voluntary control)
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth (sustained + involuntary)
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5
Q

Muscle function (3)

A

Control orifices, regulates temperature, regulates blood flow

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6
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Support, protect, give structure to (gel-like substances)

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7
Q

Connective tissue in ligaments purpose

A

Really strong to hold joints together

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8
Q

Connective tissue in tendons purpose

A

Fibrous, attaches muscle to bone and transfers force from muscle to bone

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9
Q

Adipose tissue function

A

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning, heat generation

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10
Q

Neurones

A

Neural activity for automatic/ voluntary control

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11
Q

Glial cells (and their function)

A

Supporting nerve cells, hold neurons in place, protects and nourishes

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12
Q

Apical surface (epithelial cells)

A

Side facing lumen/ free space

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium shape and purpose

A

Diamond shape to be able to stretchhhh

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14
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

Fibrous (fibre), Fibro-cellular (fibre + cells), matrical (hard)

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15
Q

Interstitial growth

A
  • Happens in young animals
  • Chondroblasts lay matrix + fibres
  • They get trapped in lacunae in mature cartillage
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16
Q

Appositional growth

A
  • Perichondrium turns to chondroblasts to form new cartillage on outer layer. Cartillage expands outwards and chondrocytes become trapped (to maintain)
17
Q

Perichondrium

A

Dense parallel collagen fibres covering surface of cartillage

18
Q

Lacunae

A

Contains osteocytes

19
Q

Woven bone

A

Immature, randomly arranged. (becomes lamella)

20
Q

Lamella bone

A

Regular parallel bands of collagen in sheets, stronger

21
Q

Cancellous bone (Type of Lamella bone)

A

Found in centre + ends of long bones, flat bones. (spongy bone)

22
Q

Compact bone (Type of Lamella bone)

A
  • Organised into Haversian system/ osteons.
  • Shell around cancellous
23
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

No cartillage template, spontaneous osteoid secretion at multiple places then fused together

24
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Forms from cartillage model, osteoblasts on top (long bones, vertebrae, pelvis)