Histology Flashcards
What are the four main layers of walls of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Respiratory mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage and/or muscle
Adventitia
What is the epithelium of the anterior nasal cavity?
Keratinized stratified squamous with vibrissae
What are the components of respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells
Brush cells
Small granule cells
Basal cells
What makes up the olfactory epithelium?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Bipolar neurons
Support cells
Brush cells
Basal cells
What is another name for sustentacular cells?
Support cells
What is the function of brush cells?
General sensation
What is at the apical end of olfactory epithelial cells?
Nonmotile cilia
Layer of mucous
What is the lining of the nasopharynx?
Respiratory epithelium
What is the epithelium on the lingual surface of the epiglottis and on the vocal folds?
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
What is the core of the vocal cords consist of?
Skeletal muscle
Elastic fibers
What type of cartilage is found in the trachea?
Hyaline
What is a histological characteristic of bronchi?
Prominent spiral bands of smooth muscle with irregular cartilage
What are histological characteristics of the bronchioles?
Ciliated epithelium
Club cells
Elastic fibers
Smooth muscle
No goblet cells
No glands
No cartilage
What is the function of club cells?
Secrete surfactant like lipoprotein
What happens to epithelial cells in the bronchioles?
Starts as ciliated pseudostratified columnar and decreases in height to simple columnar then simple cuboidal
What is the shape of a clara cell?
Dome shaped
Non-ciliated
What are the characteristics of type I alveolar cells?
Very flat squamous epithelial cells
What are the histological features of the interalveolar septa?
Scattered fibroblasts
Sparse ECM with elastic, reticular fibers, and CT
Rich capillary network
Leukocytes
Macrophages
Mast cells
What is the pulmonary interstitium?
Thick portion of the interalveolar septum
What are the layers of the blood-air barrier?
Capillary endothelial cell
Fused basal lamina
Type I pneumocyte
Surfactant and fluid coating of the alveolus
What is the function of cilia of the respiratory epithelium?
Mucociliary clearance/mucus escalator
What causes Kartagener syndrome?
Ciliary dyskinesia
What is the triad of Kartagener syndrome?
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Situs invertus
What is the inheritance of Kartagener syndrome?
Autosomal recessive
What are dust cells?
Monocytes that enter lung tissue
What is the function of dust cells?
Phagocytose lost RBCs and airborne particulates in the alveoli
