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Respiratory > Anat of trachea and lungs > Flashcards

Anat of trachea and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extent of the trachea?

A

From C6 and cricoid cartilage to sternal angle and T4-T5 IV disc

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2
Q

What is related to the trachea anteriorly?

A

Thyroid isthmus
Inferior thyroid V
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
Manubrium sterni
Thymus remnant
L brachiocephalic V
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic arch
L common carotid
Cardiac plexus

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3
Q

What is laterally related to the trachea in the neck?

A

Common carotids
thyroid lobes
Recurrent laryngeal nerves in their grooves
Inferior thyroid As

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4
Q

What is laterally related to the trachea in thorax?

A

Right: pleura, R vagus, brachiocephalic trunk
Left: L recurrent laryngeal N, aortic arch, L common carotid, L subclavian

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5
Q

What is related to the trachea posteriorly?

A

Esophagus

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6
Q

How many tertiary/segmental bronchi are there?

A

10 on R
8-10 on L

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7
Q

What arteries supply the trachea?

A

Inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical trunk or subclavian
Bronchial branches from thoracic aorta

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8
Q

What veins drain the trachea?

A

Inferior thyroid veins

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9
Q

Where does lymph from the trachea drain?

A

Adjacent lymph nodes –> deep cervical, paratracheal, and tracheobronchial

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the trachea?

A

Vagus
Recurrent laryngeal
SyNS trunks

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the bronchial tree?

A

Bronchial branches of thoracic aorta

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12
Q

What veins drain the bronchial tree?

A

Bronchial veins drain proximal root of lung and larger bronchi
Pulmonary veins drain distal lung and smaller bronchi

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13
Q

Where does lymph from the bronchial tree drain?

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes
Tracheobronchial nodes

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the bronchial tree?

A

Cardiopulmonary plexus

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15
Q

What makes up the cardiopulmonary plexus?

A

PsNS – vagus
SyNS – T1-T4 sympathetic trunks

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16
Q

Where is a tracheostomy incision made?

A

Through thyroid isthmus between 2nd and 4th tracheal rings

17
Q

What is the extent of the oblique fissure of the lungs?

A

Posterior from spinous process of T2 to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly

18
Q

What is the extent of the horizontal fissure of the R lung?

A

From oblique fissure at the mid-axillary line of the 5th rib to the 4th costal cartilage anteriorly

19
Q

Where would a foreign object aspiration typically land in a person standing upright?

A

Posterior basal segment of R lower lobe

20
Q

Where would a foreign object aspiration typically land in a person lying supine?

A

Upper segment of R lower lobe

21
Q

Where would a foreign object aspiration typically land in a person lying on their R side?

A

Posterior segment of R upper lobe

22
Q

What arteries supply the thoracic wall and parietal pleura?

A

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

23
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs and pleurae?

A

Intrapulmonary vessels and nodes to hilar/bronchopulmonary nodes to tracheobronchial/carinal nodes to paratracheal nodes to bronchomediastinal lymph trunk to lymph ducts

24
Q

What is the innervation of the parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerves
Phrenic nerves

25
Q

Where does pain stimulating the intercostal nerves refer?

A

Dermatomes on thoracic and abdominal walls

26
Q

Where does pain stimulating the phrenic N refer?

A

C3-C5 dermatomes

27
Q

What is the purpose of visceral afferent fibers from the lungs?

A

Cough reflexes
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Pain

28
Q

What is indicated by increased breath sounds?

A

Consolidation, fibrosis

29
Q

What is a sign on an x-ray of pleural effusion?

A

Loss of sharp shape of the costodiaphragmatic recess

30
Q

Where is the needle inserted for a thoracocentesis?

A

In the 8th or 9th intercostal space along the superior border of the rib in the mid-axillary line at an oblique angle

31
Q

What are complications associated with pancoast tumors?

A

Compression syndromes

Respiratory (15 decks)

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