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Respiratory > Alveolar ventilation > Flashcards

Alveolar ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four lung volumes?

A

RV
ERV
Vt
IRV

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2
Q

What is normal value for tidal volume?

A

500 mL

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3
Q

What is the normal value for inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3000-3300 mL

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4
Q

What is the normal value for expiratory reserve volume?

A

1000-1200 mL

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5
Q

What is the normal value for residual volume?

A

1200 mL

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6
Q

What are the four lung capacities?

A

IC
FRC
VC
TLC

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7
Q

What is the normal value for IC?

A

3500 mL
Vt + IRV

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8
Q

What is the normal value for FRC?

A

2400 mL
ERV + RV

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9
Q

What is the normal value for VC?

A

4700 mL
IRV + ERV + TV
TLC - RV

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10
Q

What is the normal value for TLC?

A

5900 mL

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11
Q

What are methods that can be used to measure FRC?

A

Helium dilution
Nitrogen wash out method
Body plethysmograph

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12
Q

Why can helium be used to measure FRC?

A

Very low solubility in blood

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13
Q

What are the major obstructive diseases?

A

Asthma
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Bronchiolitis
Tumor

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14
Q

What are the 2 conditions of restrictive diseases?

A

Interstitial lung diseases
Extrapulmonary disorders

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15
Q

What changes in the TLC, FEV1, FVC , and their ratio are seen in obstructive diseases?

A

FEV1 decreases
FVC decreased or normal
Ratio decreases
TLC increases or stays the same

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16
Q

What changes in TLC, FEV1, FVC, and their ratio are seen in restrictive lung diseases?

A

TLC decreases
FEV1 decreased or normal
FVC decreases
Ratio stays the same or increases

17
Q

What is the equation for minute/total ventilation?

A

Vt x RR

18
Q

What is the normal value for minute ventilation?

A

About 6 L/min

19
Q

What is dead space ventilation?

A

Volume of air that never reaches the gas exchange areas

20
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

Rate at which new air reaches gas exchange areas

21
Q

What is the equation for determining alveolar ventilation?

A

Minute ventilation - Vd = Va

22
Q

What is the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow (CO)?

A

Approximately equal

23
Q

What is a reasonable estimate of anatomic dead space?

A

1 mL per pound of ideal body weight

24
Q

How can anatomic dead space be determined?

A

Fowler’s method

25
Q

What is alveolar dead space?

A

Amount of alveoli that are ventilated by not perfused

26
Q

How can physiologic dead space be measured using the Bohr method?

A

Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2

27
Q

What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure?

A

The partial pressure of a particular gas in a gas mixture is equal to its fractional concentration times the total pressure

28
Q

What is the normal partial pressure of O2 at sea level?

A

~ 160 mmHg

29
Q

What is the equation for Dalton’s law?

A

PlO2 = FlO2 (Pb - Ph2o)
Where Pb = atmospheric pressure
Where Ph2o = 47 mmHg
FiO2 = concentration of oxygen

30
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

Gasses move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

31
Q

What is the alveolar gas equation?

A

PaO2 = PlO2 - PaCO2/R = FlO2 (Pb - Ph2o) - PaCO2/R

32
Q

What is the alveolar ventilation equation?

A

PaCO2 = 0.863 x (Vco2/Va)

33
Q

What are the effects of hypoventilation?

A

Increases alveolar and arterial PCO2
Decreases PO2

34
Q

What are the effects of hyperventilation?

A

Alveolar PCO2 decreases
Alveolar PO2 increases

35
Q

What is eupnea?

A

Normal quiet breathing

36
Q

What is the distribution of ventilation at low lung volumes?

A

Pressure at base will exceed atm making ventilation impossible. Therefore the upper regions are better ventilated.

37
Q

What is the effect of aging on lung volumes and capacities?

A

Decreased chest wall compliance
Increased lung compliance
Little change in TLC
Increased RV
Decreased FVC
Decreased FEV1
Decreased diffusion capacity

Respiratory (15 decks)

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