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Respiratory > Anat of nasal cavity > Flashcards

Anat of nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the nose?

A

Nasal bones
Frontal processes of maxillae
Nasal part of frontal bone

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2
Q

What cartilages make up the nose?

A

Anterior border of septal cartilage
Upper lateral nasal cartilage
Lower lateral nasal cartilage (alar cartilage)
Few minor alar cartilage

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3
Q

What arteries supply the external nose?

A

Anterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic A
Infra-orbital branch of maxillary A
Lateral nasal branches and superior labial branch of facial A

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4
Q

What nerves supply the external nose?

A

External nasal and infra-trochlear branches of anterior ethmoidal branch of CNV1
Nasal branches of infra-orbital branch of CNV2

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5
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

What are the 2 features of the middle meatus?

A

Bulla ethmoidalis
Hiatus semilunaris

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7
Q

What opens into the bulla ethmoidalis?

A

Middle ethmoidal sinus

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8
Q

What opens into the hiatus semilunaris?

A

Maxillary air sinus
Anterior ethmoidal sinus
Frontal sinus

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9
Q

What opens into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

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10
Q

Where is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

Above and behind the superior concha

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11
Q

What opens into the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

Sphenoidal sinus

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12
Q

What sinus is related to the optic canal?

A

Posterior ethmoidal

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic A
Posterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic A
Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary A
Greater palatine branch of maxillary A
Septal branch of superior labial branch of facial A

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14
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area and where is it located?

A

Site of anastomosis of all 5 arteries supplying the nasal cavity
In the antero-inferior part of the nasal septum

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15
Q

What arteries supply the back of the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine A

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16
Q

What drains the external and anterior nose?

A

Angular and lateral nasal veins drain into facial V

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17
Q

What drains the posterior aspect of the nose?

A

Sphenopalatine V
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal veins
Pterygoid venous plexus

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18
Q

What drains the nose superiorly?

A

Inferior ophthalmic V

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19
Q

Through which vein can infection spread into the cavernous sinus?

A

Facial V

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20
Q

What nerves provide general sensation to the anterosuperior area of the nose?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of CNV1

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21
Q

What nerves provide general sensation to the posteroinferior area of the nose?

A

Nasopalatine and greater palatine branches of lateral nasal branches of CNV2

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22
Q

Where does lymph drain into from the anterior part of the nose?

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

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23
Q

Where does lymph from the posterior part of the nose drain into?

A

Retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical nodes

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24
Q

Where does lymph from the roof of the nose drain into?

A

Accompanies olfactory N and drains into CSF of sub-arachnoid space

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25
Q

What is the most commonly infected paranasal sinus and why?

A

Maxillary sinus
Poor drainage

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26
Q

What sinus is related to the teeth?

A

Maxillary sinus

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27
Q

What sinus is related to pituitary gland?

A

Sphenoid sinus

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the frontal supply?

A

Superior orbital branches of CNV1

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the ethmoidal sinus?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of nasociliary branch of CNV1

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the maxillary sinus?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar branches of CNV2

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31
Q

What is the arterial supply of the maxillary sinus?

A

Anterior and posterior alveolar branches of maxillary A

32
Q

What is the innervation of the sphenoidal sinus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal branches of CNV1 and CNV2

33
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

CN X except stylopharyngeus which is by CN IX

34
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?

A

Most from CNIX
Anterior and superior nasopharynx by maxillary N

35
Q

What is a sign of pharyngeal plexus injury?

A

Uvula deviates to uninjured side

36
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pharynx?

A

Tonsillar branch of ascending pharyngeal branch of ECA
Tonsillar and ascending palatine branches of facial branch of ECA
Pharyngeal branches of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian A

37
Q

What deep cervical nodes does lymph from the pharynx drain into?

A

Retropharyngeal nodes
Infrahyoid nodes
Paratracheal nodes

38
Q

What does lymph from the palatine tonsils drain into?

A

Jugulodigastric nodes

39
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal tonsillar ring of Waldeyer?

A

Lingual tonsil
Palatine tonsils
Tubal tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils

40
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palatine tonsils?

A

Tonsillar branch of facial A
Ascending palatine branch of facial A
Descending palatine branch of maxillary A
Lingual and ascending pharyngeal branches of ECA

41
Q

What vessel may cause bleeding if injured during a tonsillectomy?

A

External palatine V

42
Q

What vertebrae relate to the larynx in adults and children?

A

C3 to C6 in adults
C1 to C4 in children

43
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

44
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

45
Q

What are the elastic laryngeal cartilages?

A

Epiglottis
Corniculate
Cuneiform

46
Q

What are the hyaline laryngeal cartilages?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid

47
Q

What are the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Hyo-epiglottic ligament
Cricothyroid ligament
Crico-tracheal ligament

48
Q

What are the intrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes?

A

Quadrangular membrane
Aryepiglottic ligament/fold
Vestibular ligament/fold
Vocal ligament/fold

49
Q

What are the laryngeal joints?

A

Crico-arytenoid joint
Crico-thyroid joint

50
Q

What is the rima vestibuli?

A

Space between two vestibular folds that acts as an exit valve

51
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

Space between two vocal folds that acts as an entry valve

52
Q

What are the two parts of the rima glottidis?

A

Anterior intermembranous part
Posterior intercartilagenous part

53
Q

What makes up the vocal cords?

A

Vocal ligament
Vocalis muscle
Mucous membrane covering

54
Q

Where is the aryepiglottic fold located?

A

On either side of the laryngeal inlet

55
Q

What is posterior of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Interarytenoid fold of mucous membrane

56
Q

What is anterior of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis

57
Q

What ligament is breached to create an emergency airway?

A

Median cricothyroid ligament

58
Q

What muscles elevate the larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid
Mylohyoid

59
Q

What muscles depress the larynx?

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

60
Q

What muscle opens the laryngeal inlet?

A

Thyroepiglotticus

61
Q

What muscles closes the laryngeal inlet?

A

Aryepiglotticus

62
Q

What is the only abductor of the vocal ligaments?

A

Cricoarytenoid

63
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Tenses vocal ligaments increasing pitch

64
Q

What nerve and artery pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal N
Superior laryngeal A

65
Q

What nerve and artery pierce the inferior constrictor of the larynx?

A

External laryngeal N
Superior thyroid A

66
Q

What nerve and artery pass inferior to the inferior constrictor of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal N
Inferior laryngeal A

67
Q

What is the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus

68
Q

What is the innervation of the all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid?

A

Inferior laryngeal branch of recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

69
Q

What is the sensory innervation in the larynx above the vocal folds?

A

Internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus

70
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the larynx below the vocal folds?

A

Recurrent laryngeal N

71
Q

What nerve may be injured during thyroidectomy?

A

External branch of superior laryngeal N

72
Q

What arteries supply larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal A
Superior thyroid A
Inferior laryngeal A
Inferior thyroid A
Thyrocervical trunk

73
Q

Where does lymph from the larynx above the vocal folds drain?

A

Superior group of deep cervical nodes

74
Q

Where does lymph from the larynx below the vocal folds drain?

A

Deep nodes associated with inferior thyroid A or in front of the cricothyroid ligament or upper trachea
From there into inferior group of deep cervical nodes

75
Q

What is the venous drainage of the larynx above the vocal folds?

A

Superior laryngeal and superior thyroid V

76
Q

What is the venous drainage of the larynx below the vocal folds?

A

Inferior laryngeal and inferior thyroid V

Respiratory (15 decks)

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