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Respiratory > Acid-base balance > Flashcards

Acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are volatile acids?

A

Produced during metabolism
Can leave solution and enter atmosphere as CO2

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2
Q

What are fixed acids?

A

Do not leave solution, must be buffered and filtered out by kidneys

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3
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pKa + log [base]/[acid]

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4
Q

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

What are the chemical buffer systems in the body?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Hemoglobin

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6
Q

What are the fastest buffers in the body?

A

Chemical buffers

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7
Q

What is the slowest, but most powerful, buffer system in the body?

A

Renal system

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8
Q

What is the most important buffer of ECF?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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9
Q

What is the function of the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

Process the metabolic waste, CO2

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10
Q

What is the most important buffer in urine?

A

Phosphate buffer

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11
Q

How do kidneys regulate pH?

A

Secrete H+
Reabsorb HCO3-
Produce new HCO3-

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12
Q

What is the normal range of PaO2?

A

75-105 mmHg

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13
Q

What is the normal range of PaCO2?

A

33-45 mmHg

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14
Q

What is the normal range of HCO3-?

A

22-28 mmol/L

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15
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis?

A

Kidneys retain and make more HCO3-

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16
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Kidneys excrete HCO3-

17
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased ventilation

18
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hypoventilation

Respiratory (15 decks)

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