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flashcards of path guide 2018 > histo neuro > Flashcards

histo neuro Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

sx of stroke

A

FAST numbness dyphagia

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3
Q

sx of TIA

A

amaurosis fugax <24 hours carotid bruit

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4
Q

tx of stroke

A

thrombolyse if <4 hours aspirin and dipyridamole

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5
Q

tx of tia

A

aspirain and dipyridamole

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6
Q

IX for stroke

A

CT FBC, BP, glucose, ESR ECG carotid doppler

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7
Q

ix for TIA

A

carotid dopplers FBC, U&E, glucose, bp, ECG

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8
Q

RF for stroke or TIA

A

FH HTN DM OCP PVD ETOH sickle cell/ PCV

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9
Q

non traumatic cerebral haemmorhages

A

parechymal haemmorhage SAH

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10
Q

causes of parenchymal haemmorhage

A

HTN

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11
Q

what occurs in parenchymal haemmorhage

A

charcot-bouchard aneurysms

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12
Q

where do parenchymal hammorhages occur

A

basal ganglia

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13
Q

SAH causes

A

ruptured berry aneurysms AVM Ehler danlos/ coarction of aorta

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14
Q

presentation of SAH

A

thunderclap headache vomiting loss of conciousness

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15
Q

extra dural hammorhage pathology

A

middle meningeal artery rupture due to trauma and skull fracture

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16
Q

presentation of extradurual haematoma

A

rapid arterial bleed lucid interval LOC

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17
Q

causes of subdural haematoma

A

fall often in elderly/ alcoholics b/c brain atrophy is a RF

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18
Q

presentation ofsubdural haematoma

A

fluctuating conciousness

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19
Q

coup vs contre coup

A

coup= site of trauma dn contr coup is region opporiste

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20
Q

define contusion (brain)

A

where brain touches skull +/- fracture

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21
Q

6 types of brain herniation

A

uncal transtentorial subfalcine tonsillar upwards transcalvarial

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22
Q

what is meningism

A

kernig’s sign stiff neck photophioiba headache

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23
Q

what to do if suspected meningitis

A

immediate abs then confirm with LP and cultures

24
Q

Lp of bacterial meningitis

A

turbid appearance low glucose <40mg/dL high protein >250g/L neutrophils bacteria in smear 90-1000+ cells/mm^3

25
Q

LP of viral meningitis

A

clear appearance lymphocytes present low ornormal protein <100g/L normal glucose >40mg/dL 50-1000 cells/mm^3

26
Q

LP of TB meningitis

A

fibrin web lymphocytes present low glucose <40 high protein 50-500mg/dL 10-1000 cells/mm^3

27
Q

neonatal cause of bacterial meningitis

A

GBS listeria E.Coli

28
Q

paediatric causes of bacterial meningitis

A

haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae

29
Q

adult causes of bacterial meningits

A

strep pneumoniae neisseria meningitis

30
Q

causes of bacterial meningitis in elderly

A

strep pneumoniae gram negative rods e.g. e coli

31
Q

viral causes of meningitis in neonate

A

coxsackie echovirus HIV mumps

32
Q

causes of viral encephalitis

A

rabies herpes simples 1

33
Q

sx of viral encephalitis

A

drowsiness behavioural changes headache fever seizures

34
Q

neurofibromatosis causes what tumour

A

meningioma

35
Q

a ventricular tumour with hydrocephalus is usually a

A

ependymoma

36
Q

an indolent childhood tumour is often a

A

pilcytic astrocytoma

37
Q

a soft gelatinous calcified tumour is often a

A

oligodendroma

38
Q

protein involved in alzheimners

A

tau beta amyloid

39
Q

protein involved in DLB

A

ubiquitin alpha synuclein

40
Q

protein involved in CBD

41
Q

protein involved in FTD

42
Q

protein in picks disease

43
Q

treatmetno falzheimers disease

A

glutamate antagonist nAchR agonists anticholinesterases

44
Q

histology of alzheimers

A

NFTs of tau beta amyloid plaques

45
Q

gross findings in alzheimers

A

wide sulci and narrow gyri widened ventricles

46
Q

DLB presentations

A

parkinsonism psychological disturbances hallucinationsfalls

47
Q

Parkinsons’ disease

A

death of dopaminergic neurones in SN

48
Q

sx of parkinsons

A

Tremor Rigitidy Akinesia Postural instability pscyh features e.g. hallucinations

49
Q

protein in oparkinsons

A

alpha synuclein

50
Q

MS pathology

A

loss of myelin and plaques

51
Q

types of MS

A

RRMS primary progressive

52
Q

protein markder in MS

A

myelin basic protein proteolipid protein

53
Q

Multiple system atrophy three subtypes

A

shy drager syndrome olivopontocerebellar striatonigral

54
Q

shy drager syndrome features

A

autonomic dysfunction

flashcards of path guide 2018 (15 decks)

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