histo derm

Question 1

define hyperkeratosis

Answer 1

increase in keratin increase instratum corneum

Question 2

what is parakeratosis

Answer 2

increase in nuclei of stratum corneaum

Question 3

what is acanthosis

Answer 3

increase in stratum spinosusm

Question 4

what is acantholysis

Answer 4

reduction in cohesions between keratinocytes

Question 5

what is spongiosis

Answer 5

intercellular oedema

Question 6

define lentiginous

Answer 6

linear pattern of increase in melaocyte proliferation within epidermal basal cell layer

Question 7

histology of acute dermatitis

Answer 7

dilated dermal capiliiaries spongiosis inflammatory infiltrate into dermis

Question 8

histology of chronic dermatitis

Answer 8

acanthosis crusting/ scaling

Question 9

type of reaction for chronic dermatitis

Answer 9

type IV

Question 10

what is the pathology of seborrhoeic dermatitis

Answer 10

allergic reaction toalassezia yeast affect face, eyebrow, ant chest, ear

Question 11

histology of psoriasis

Answer 11

loss of granular cell layer munroes microabscesses “test tubes in a rack” clubbing of rete ridge parakeratosis

Question 12

what is auspitz’s sign

Answer 12

psoriasis rubbling the lesion causes pinprick bleeding

Question 13

what is koener phenomenon

Answer 13

psoriasis trauma causes a plaque to develop

Question 14

nail changes in psoriasis

Answer 14

pitting onchylysis subungal hyperkeratosis

Question 15

subtypes of psoriasis

Answer 15

guttate flextural plaque pustular

Question 16

when does guttate psoriasis develop

Answer 16

in children 2 weeks after strep throat raindrop appearance

Question 17

lichen planus lesion appearance

Answer 17

purple pruritic polygonal plaque papules mother of pearl sheen

Question 18

what is wickham’s striae

Answer 18

white lacy overlying pattern on lichen planus papules

Question 19

where does lichen planus occur

Answer 19

inner wrists and oral mucosa

Question 20

histology of lichen planus

Answer 20

basal cell degeneraton saw toothing of rete ridges

Question 21

appearance of erythema multiforme

Answer 21

annular target lesions on extensor surfaces

Question 22

drugs causing erythema multiforme

Answer 22

Sulphonamides NSAIDS Allopurinol Phenytoin Penecillin

Question 23

dermatitis herpetiformis pathology

Answer 23

IgA binds to basement membrane and forms subepidermal bullae

Question 24

dermatitis herpetiformis presentation

Answer 24

itchy vesicles on extensor surfaces of elbows and buttocks

Question 25

histologyo fdermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 25

microabscesses coalesce to form subepidermal bullae neutrophil and IgA are deposited at tip of dermal papillae

Question 26

pemphigoid pathology

Answer 26

linear deposition of IgG which binds to hemidesmosomes on the the basememnt membrane

Question 27

histology of pemphigoid

Answer 27

IgG deposition in a linear pattern along basement membrane subepidermal bullae with eosinophils

Question 28

presentation of pemphigoid

Answer 28

large tense bullae on erythematous base often ofn forearms, axillae, groin of elderly patients

Question 29

pathology of pemphigus

Answer 29

IgG antibodies bind to desmosomal proteins and form intrapidermal bullae

Question 30

hisotlogy of pemphigus

Answer 30

intraepidermal bullae netlike deposition of intercellular IgG

Question 31

sebhorroeic keratosis

Answer 31

rough plaques waxy middle aged pt

Question 32

actinic keratosis histology

Answer 32

Solar elastosis Paraketaosis Atypia Inflammation Not full thickness

Question 33

actinic keratosis presentation

Answer 33

rough sandpaper like scaly lesion on sun exposed area

Question 34

presentation of keratoacanthoma

Answer 34

rapidlly growing dome shaped nodule with a necrotic crushed centre grows over 2-3 weeks and clears spontaneously

Question 35

histology of keratoacanthoma

Answer 35

like SCC

Question 36

bowen’s disease histology

Answer 36

full thickness dysplasia BM intact

Question 37

presentation of bowen’s disease

Answer 37

intra epidermal squamous cell carcinoma in situ red flat and scaly on sun exposed areas

Question 38

SCC

Answer 38

dysplasia nuclear crowding spead through BM into dermis

Question 39

BCC appearance

Answer 39

pearly telangectasi palisading mass of basal cells pushing into dermis

Question 40

types of malignant melanoma

Answer 40

lentigo maligna melanoma superfical spreading nodullar acral lentiginous

Question 41

most important prognostic factor in malignant melanoma

Answer 41

breslow tihckness

Question 42

histology of malignant melanoma

Answer 42

atypical melanocytes theat grow horizontally then vertically buckshot appearance- pagetoid cells

Question 43

three types of benign melanocytic naevi

Answer 43

compound intradermal junctional

Question 44

lentigo maligna melanoma

Answer 44

slow growing black lesion on sun exposed areas of casacioan

Question 45

superficial spreading melanoma

Answer 45

irregular borders and irregular colour variation

Question 46

nodular melanoma

Answer 46

in young

Question 47

acral letiginous melanoma

Answer 47

palms, soles and subungal

Question 48

stephens johnsons sndrome

Answer 48

<10% skin detachment in sheets nikolsky sign positive if mucosa involved

Question 49

cuases of stephens johnons syndrome

Answer 49

sulfonamides abx anticonvulsants

Question 50

pityriasis rosea

Answer 50

slamon pink herald patch followed by christmas tree distribution

Question 51

causes of pityriasis rosea

Answer 51

viral illness resoves spontaneously