histo gynae Flashcards
PID definition
acending infection from vagina and cervix to uterus and tubes resulting in inflammations and adhesions
complications of PID
ectopic pregnancy ectopic pregnanc tubo-ovarian abscess plical fusion peritonits Fits-High-Curtis syndrome
Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome symptoms and signs
RUQ pain perihepatitis violing string peri-hepatic adhesion
three theories of endometriosis aetiology
- retrograde menstruation 2. metaplastic transformation of coelomic cells 3. lyphatic/ vascular dissemination of endometrial tissue
symptoms of endometriosis
dyspareunia pelvic pain dysmennorhea cyclical PR/ umbilbial bleeding fixed retroverted uterus nodules in vagina/ fornix
macroscopic signs of endometriosis
red-blue to brown nodules “powder burns” chocolate cysts
microscopic signs of endomedtriosis
endometrial glands and stroma
adenomyosis definition
ectopic endometrial tissue deep within myometrium
adenomyosis symptoms
deep dyspareunia HMB dysmenorrhea
signs ofadenomyosis
globular uterus
definition of leiomyoma
benign tumour of smooth muscle origin in femal genital tract
symptoms of leiomyoma
HMB dysmenorrhea pressure effects e.g. urinary frequency
complication of leiomyoma
post partum torsion red degeneration in pregnancy transformation to leiomyosarcoma
what causeses leiomyoma to grow
oestrogen therefore grows in pregnancy and shriks in menopause
PMB is what until proved otherwise
endometrial carcinoma
risk factors for endometrial carcinoma
nullioparity early menarche, late menopause tamoxifen
what type of tumour is in endometrial cancer
adenocarcinoma although may have some squasmous differentiation
how is endometrial cancer staged
FIGO
what is pagets disease of the vulva
adenocarcinoma in situ
what is VIN associated with
HPV16
what is usual type of VIN
warty/ basaloid/ mixed
differnetiated type of VIN
more likely to progress to SCC
subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer
serous cystadenoma mucinous cystadenoma endometroid clear cell
serous cystadenoma cell type
columnar epithelium
microscopic findings o n serous cystadenoma ovarian cancer
psammoma bodies
what cell types are involved in mucinous cystadenoma in ovarian cancer
mucinous secreting cellls
what is psueudomyxoma peritonei
metatastatic spread of mucinou cystadenoma from the apendix
what do mucinous cystadenoma (ovarain ca) produce
oestrogen
what cell type is involved in endometroid ocvarian cancer
endometrium mimicks tubular cells
what are the microscopic findings in cleazr cell ovarian cancer
intracellular glycogen abundant cytoplasm hobnail appearance
what is the prognosis in clear cell ovarian cancer
poor
dysgerminoma (female)
female equivalent of testicular seminom
how are dysgerminomas treated
radiotherapy
are dysgerminomas benign or malignant
benign in adults malignant in children
teratomas secrete what (gynae)
AFP
what is the other name for a mature teratoma
dermoid cyst
what do choriocarcinomas usually secrete
HCG MALIGNANT
location of teratoma
bilateral
what condition is fibroma associated with (ovarian)
Meig’s syndrome
what is Meig’s syndrome
ovarian fibroma +ascites+ pleural effusion
what the the three subtypes of sex cord tumours
fibroma granulosa-theca cell tumour sertoli-leydig cell tumour
what do granulosa-theca cell tumours produce
oestrogen
what do sertoli leydig cell tumours produce
androgens
what are symptoms of granulosa-theca cell tumours
irregular periods, breat enlargment
what are symptoms of sertoli-leydig cell tumours
virilisation enlarged clitoris deep voice breast atrophy
what does the squamocolumnar junction separate (gynae)
the endocervical columnar glandular epithelium the outer cervix has squamous epithelium
what happens at the tranformation zone
squamous metaplasia columnar epithelium transforms to squamous epithelium
what are RF for CIN
HPV 16 and 18 early first interxourse multiple partners smoking immunosuppression
histological grades for CIN
CIN1,2,3,
cytological grades for CIN
mild, moderate or severe dyskaryosis
what is CGIN
cervical glandular intraepithlial neoplasia
how to treat CGIN
excise entire endocervix
cervical carcinoma tumour types
SCC adenocarcinoma
cervical cancer sx
IMB PCB PMB discharge pain
change from CIN to cervical ca
invasion o f BM
how to stage cervical ca
FIGO
