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flashcards of path guide 2018 > histo breast > Flashcards

histo breast Flashcards

1
Q

acute mastitis pathogen

A

staph aureus

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2
Q

sx of acuter mastitis

A

in lactating women erythema of breast fever pain

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3
Q

histological appearance of breast tissue in mastitis

A

necrotic tissue infiltrated by neutrophils

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4
Q

tx of mastitis

A

abx express milk and surgical drainage

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5
Q

who gets periductal mastitis

A

non-lactating women who smoke

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6
Q

what is seen histologically in periductal mastitis

A

keratinising squamous epithilium extending into nipple orifice

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7
Q

who gets mammary duct ectasia

A

40-60yo multip

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8
Q

pathology of mammary duct ectasia

A

large duct dilation due to granulomatous inflammation

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9
Q

sx of mammary duct ectasia

A

poorly defined periareolar mass thick white nipple secretion

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10
Q

what is the pathology of fat necrosis of the breast

A

inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue

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11
Q

causes of breast fat necrosis

A

trauma Rt surgery

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12
Q

what causes fibroadenosis/ fibrocystic change

A

exaggerated response to hormones

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13
Q

what is adenosis (breast)

A

increased number of acini/ lobule common in pregnancy

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14
Q

cystic changes and fibrosis in fibroadenosis

A

cysts form due to lobule dilation and fill with fluid they then rupture and are calcified (fibrosis)

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15
Q

gynacomastia definiton

A

unilateral or bilateral breast enlargment in men

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16
Q

histological appearance of gynacomastia

A

epithelial hyperplasia fingerlike projections into ducts

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17
Q

fibroadenoma

A

benign overgrown of collagenous mesenchyme

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18
Q

presentation of fibroadenoma

A

spherical painless mible rubbery mass

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19
Q

duct papilloma

A

benign tumour of breast duct

20
Q

what does a duct papilloma cause

A

bloody discharge nmo lump

21
Q

what is a radial scar

A

central scar surrounded by proliferating glandular breast tissue in a stellate papttern

22
Q

RF for breast carcinoma

A

nulliparity OCP/ HRT smoking, obesity, tabacco, FH

23
Q

when does breast screening occur

A

every 3 years from 47-73 mammography

24
Q

what does mammography look for

A

calcifications or mass in the breast

25
Q

what is breast carcinoma in situ

A

neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to ducts or lobules by the basement membrane

26
Q

what is the difference between LCIS and DCIS

A

DCIS presents with calcifications and LCIS doesn’t

27
Q

LCIS (lobar carcinoma in situ-breast)

A

incidental biopsy findings no Ecadherin no microcalifications

28
Q

what does breast DCIS put you at risk of

A

invasive breast ca

29
Q

invasive breast carcinoma subtypes

A

mucinous tubuluar ductal lobular

30
Q

invasive breast ca: mucinous

A

produce mucin which dissects into surrounding tissue

31
Q

invasive breast ca: lobular

A

cellsin single file strands

32
Q

invasive ca: tubular

A

well formed tubules with low grade nuclei <1cm

33
Q

invasive ca: ductal

A

can’t be subclassified

34
Q

what is the triple assessment

A

examination radiological exam FNA &cytology

35
Q

when is an USS used in triple assessment

A

if the woman is<35yo if older USS+ mammography

36
Q

what is checked for at biopsy in triple assessment

A

histological subtrype ER/PR receptor tubule formation mitotic activity nuclear pleomorphism

37
Q

what receptor is associated with a good prognosis in breast ca

A

ER/PR

38
Q

what receptor is asociated with poor prognosis is breast ca

A

HER2

39
Q

what medications are used for HER2 breast ca

A

herceptin trastuzumab

40
Q

how does tamoxifen work

A

mixed agonist/ antagonist of oestrogen at its receptor

41
Q

what medication is used in breast ca to reduce oestrogen

A

anastrazole

42
Q

what do basal; cell like breast ca stain positive for

A

CK5/6/14

43
Q

where do phyllodes tumours originate from

A

interlobular stroma

44
Q

what is seen on histology of phyllodes tumour

A

increased cellularity mitoses

45
Q

do phyllodes tumours metastesis

A

no

46
Q

are phyllodes tumours benign

A

usually

47
Q
A

flashcards of path guide 2018 (15 decks)

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