his 2 idk Flashcards
Dark period (3)
- Collapse of Bronze Age Civilizations:
Mycenaean palaces (e.g., Mycenae, Tiryns) and Minoan centers (e.g., Knossos) fell due to Dorian invasions, natural disasters, or internal strife.
Loss of Linear B script led to a “literary dark age”; records rely on archaeology (e.g., pottery styles, burial sites).
- Cultural Stagnation:
- Decline in trade, art, and monumental architecture.
Homeric epics (Iliad, Odyssey) composed orally during this period, reflecting Mycenaean-era traditions.
Tribal Migrations:
Dorians (militaristic, settled in Peloponnese) and Ionians (settled in Attica, Asia Minor) reshaped Greece’s ethnic landscape.
Surviving cities: Athens (avoided Dorian takeover), Sparta (Dorian stronghold), Corinth (strategic trade hub).
Dark period (5)
period between collapse of M&M civil. and Archaic period
No written evidence
Homeric epics
new tribes - ionian + dorian
collapsed and survived cities
Archaic period (3)
giving up on linear writing B,
using writing from Phoenicians
First use of vowels
Greek city, Polis (2)
autonomous, politically independent, political and administrative unit with city in its centre
Offices or legal courts dwelled there, place of popular assemblies
Structure of polis (2)
Agora
- main square of the city, surrounded by administrative buildings, place where all public or political assemblies took place. Also markets => centre of trade
Akropolis
- higher part of a city, formerly a fortress, served as a refuge in case of attack
Greek city states
Although the Greeks were aware of their common culture, language, religion and folklore (mythology), the development of the city states differed and hostility was usual among them
Greek colonization - causes
- Socio-economic development in city states -> population growth
- Lack of fertile soil in Greece - 20% was fertile, but was in hand of aristocracy
- Searching for raw material - metal ores
- Internal struggle between aristocracy and artisans
=> the defeated left and found a colony
Apoikia - colonies (3)
- Founded in fertile area near river, and smiultaneously with an access to sea as basic communication channel
- Contacts with mother city - dependent on first year, later independent, but trade & cultural contact remained
- Transformation into city states -> loss of citizenship in mother city
Direction of colonization (5)
- Western Asia Minor
- Hellespontos
- Black Sea coast
- Sicily/Southern Italy
- Southern France
Sparta (4)
- Dorian emigrants who reached Peloponessos in 10th century BCE
- Four Dorian villages with one Archaean village - core of city state
- Conquest of Messenia -> 8th/7th cent. BCE, gain of fertile soil
- Increased significance of warrior and increased number of slaves
Sparta - freemen (2)
Spartans - warrior, forbidden to work
- part of military unit, Syssitoi - common dinning of unit
Perioikoi - non-citizens who don’t live in the city itself, usually craftsmen, artisans and merchants
Sparta - unfree
Helots
