bio test 23

Question 1

Nervous system - function

Answer 1

Processes & responds to internal and external stimuli

Question 2

Functionial unit & structural unit

Answer 2

Reflex, neuron

Question 3

Anatomy - nervous system (9)

Answer 3

1. Nucleus
2. Cell body (soma)
3. Dendrite
4. Axon
5. Synaptic bulb
6. Myelin sheath
7. Synaptic cleft
8. Vesicle
9. Receptors

Question 4

Central nervous system

Answer 4

Brain, spinal cord

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

Nerves

Question 6

Reflex

Answer 6

1. receptor receives information in the form of a stimulus
2. travels through sensory neurons (impulse)
3. reaches CNS
4. travels through motor neuron
5. reaches the effector (muscle cell)
6. response

Question 7

Hormonal system (Endocrine) vs Nervous

Answer 7

Hormonal: Older, slower, long-lasting effect, chemicals flow through blood, production glands
Nervous: Newer, faster, short-time effect, electrical impulse for transport of information

Question 8

Hormones (5)

Answer 8

Adrenaline
Insuline - Glucagon
Testosterone
Estrogen

Question 9

Adrenaline

Answer 9

Source: adrenal glands
Effect: Fight/Flight(Freeze)
Tries to help you survive - increases heartbeat and sugar in blood

Question 10

Insuline↓ - Glucagon↑

Answer 10

Source: Pancreas
Effect: Regulates blood sugar level, stored in liver
Convertion between Glucose and Glycogen

Question 11

Testosterone (male)

Answer 11

Source: testes
Effect: 1. production, maturation of sperm cells
2. sexual characteristics: hair(pubic, facial), voice

Question 12

Estrogen (female)

Answer 12

Source: ovaries
Effect: 1. production, maturation of egg cells, preparing for fertilization
2. development of breasts

Question 13

Progesterone

Answer 13

Source: Ovaries
Effect: Preparation for pregnancy

Question 14

Reproduction - division

Answer 14

Asexual, sexual

Question 15

Asexual reproduction

Answer 15

One parent
No gametes involved
offspring is identical to parent

Question 16

Asexual reproduction - example

Answer 16

Binary fission - flatworm
Budding - hydra
Fragmentation - starfish
Spores - fungus

Question 17

Sexual reproduction

Answer 17

Two parents
Uses gametes
Offspring is not identical to parents
Fusing of gametes - fertilization

Question 18

Male reproductive system

Answer 18

Male sex cells are produced inside testes (sg. testis)
Sexual reproduction in humans involves sperm cell joining an egg cell (fertilization)

Question 19

Female reproductive system

Answer 19

Produces egg cells (ova) - female sex cells
Two ovaries produce sex cells and female sex hormones
If an egg cell is fertilized, it develops inside the uterus into a baby

Question 20

Male reproductive system anatomy

Answer 20

1. Testes
   1.1 Scrotum
2. Sperm duct
3. Seminal vesicle
4. Prostate gland
5. Urethra

Question 21

Female reproductive system anatomy

Answer 21

1. Ovaries
2. Oviduct
3. Uterus
4. Cervix