che nemetaly

Question 1

Noble gases (6)

Answer 1

Group 18(VIII. A)
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og
full valence shell -> inert
He - very light -> balloons
Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe - lights, colors
Rn - radioactive, treating of cancer

Question 2

Halogens (6)

Answer 2

Group 17 (VII. A)
F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts
Diatomic molecule
Highly reactive
At - radioactive + very rare
Ts - synthetic element

Question 3

Halogens in our bodies (3)

Answer 3

F2 - teeth + bones
Cl2 - stomach
I2 - Thyroid gland

Question 4

Oxygen (7)

Answer 4

1. colorless, odorless gas
2. molecule O2/O3
3. most common element on Earth
4. 21% of atmosphere
5. highly reactive - burning/corrosion
6. biogenic element - body structure, breathing
7. produced naturally - photosynthesis

Question 5

Production of Oxygen (2)

Answer 5

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
industrially - distillation of liquified air

Question 6

Ozone (3)

Answer 6

O3
produced from diatomic oxygen by UV or lightning
forms ozone layer that absorbs UV radiation from the Sun

Question 7

Hydrogen Peroxide (5)

Answer 7

1. H2O2
2. colorless liquid miscible with water
3. slowly decomposes to water and oxygen
4. catalysts (KI, KMnO4, MnO2, blood) speed up this decomposition
5. 3% solution is used as disinfection and for bleaching

Question 8

Sulphur (3)

Answer 8

yellow brittle solid
flammable -> blue flame
biogenic - protein

Question 9

Hydrogen Sulphide

Answer 9

Toxic gas smelling like rotten eggs
soluble in water - hydrosulphuric acid

Question 10

Sulphur dioxide

Answer 10

toxic gas produced by the volcanic eruptions and burning of coal
causes acid rain

Question 11

Sulphuric acid (5)

Answer 11

colorless liquid
very strong acid
dehydrating properties
used as an electrolyte in car batteries
production of fertilizers

Question 12

Nitrogen (5)

Answer 12

colorless, odorless gas forming molecules N2
most abundant element in the atmosphere (78%)
biogenic - protein/DNA

Question 13

Ammonia (3)

Answer 13

colorless toxic gas with irritant smell
aqueous solution -> alkaline
production of fertilizers

Question 14

Dinitrogen monoxide

Answer 14

colorless gas with anaesthetic and euphoric effects - laughing gas
aerosol spray propellant(whipped cream)

Question 15

Nitrogen dioxide

Answer 15

Toxic gas with irritant smell and red-brown color
produced by the burning of petrol - acid rain

Question 16

Nitric acid (3)

Answer 16

strong acid
production of dyes and explosives
reacts even with noble metals such as Cu or Ag

Question 17

Phosphorus (4)

Answer 17

Solid nonmetal
color and properties depend of the modification (white, red, violet, black)
production of matches
biogenic - teeth, bones, DNA

Question 18

Carbon

Answer 18

solid non-metal
most important biogenic element - all organic compounds

Question 19

Graphite

Answer 19

brittle solid
pencil
conducts electricity - structure -> 1 spare electron = electrodes

Question 20

Diamond

Answer 20

Hardest known natural substance
cutting, grinding, drilling
Gemstone

Question 21

Fullerene

Answer 21

sphere molecule, most typical is C60
medicine, nanotechnologies

Question 22

Carbon monoxide (3)

Answer 22

colorless, odorless gas
highly toxic -> reacts with hemoglobin, causing no oxygen being delivered
produced by burning of fuels in limited supply of oxygen

Question 23

Carbon dioxide (5)

Answer 23

colorless, odorless gas
produced by burning of fuels, breathing, fermentation, rotting
causes greenhouse effect and global warming
heavier than air -> fire extinguisher
lab production - reaction of carbonates with acids