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gamka > erdkunde > Flashcards

erdkunde Flashcards

1
Q

Atmosphere (4)

A
  1. Layer of gas that surrounds the Earth
  2. Held in place by force of gravity
  3. Protects life by absorbing UV radiation and by regulating temperature
  4. Protects life from small objects (meteorite)
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2
Q

Composition of atmosphere (5)

A

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% other (CO2)
Also includes water vapor, which is around 1%
And Aerosols (small particles - dust)

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3
Q

Layers (5)

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

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4
Q

Troposphere (5)

A
  1. 0 - 10km above sea level
  2. thicker over equator and thinner over poles (warmer the weather, thicker the troposphere)
  3. All humans live in troposphere
  4. Nearly all weathers occure there (99% of water vapor are found there)
  5. Air pressure & temperature drops as we go higher
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5
Q

…pause

A

top of the layer - e.g. tropopause, stratopause, mesopause

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6
Q

Stratosphere (4)

A
  1. 10 - 50km above ground
  2. Ozone layer - absorbs UV radiation and produces heat
  3. Gets warmer as we go up
  4. Commercial passenger jets fly there (non-turbulent layer, smooth ride)
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7
Q

Mesosphere (4)

A
  1. 50 - 85km above ground
  2. Most meteorites burn there
  3. Temperature gets colder as we go up (Coldest temperature is found here(top) => -90C)
  4. The air is too thin to breathe (at the bottom - 1% of air pressure at sea level, drops as you go higher)
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8
Q

Thermosphere (4)

A
  1. High-energy UV radiations and X-rays are absorbed here
  2. Temperature - hundreds to thousands degrees
  3. Air is so thin that it would feel freezing to us
  4. Many satellites orbit Earth there
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9
Q

Exosphere (3)

A
  1. Final layer of the atmosphere
  2. Extremely thin air
  3. no clear-cut upper boundary - fades away to space
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10
Q

Ionosphere (4) (Radio)

A
  1. Outer part of the meso and the thermosphere
  2. Most molecules and atoms are ionized by UV radiation and other high-energy particles
  3. Where radio signals bounce off
  4. Auroras take place here - electrically charged layer
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11
Q

Jet streams (2)

A
  1. Fast flowing, narrow air currents near tropopause (flows west to east)
  2. Formation: temperature differences (Polar and Subtropical)
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12
Q

Weather, Climate (3)

A

Weather -> short-term state of atmosphere
Climate -> long-term pattern of weather
People who study these: meteorologist (meteorology)

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13
Q

Weather factors/elements (3)

A
  1. Air pressure -> Winds (speed & direction)
  2. Humidity -> Precipitation
  3. Temperature -> Clouds (type & cover)
    -> Sunshine duration
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14
Q

Temperature - definition & Influence (4)

A

Amount of kinetic energy present in the air - experiencing heat/cold
Influences/controls other weather elements -> Precipitation, Humidity, Clouds, Atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

Microclimate/Macroclimate

A

Microc. - areas within one climatic region -> small
Macroc. - large area within one climatic region -> large/continents

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16
Q

3 Rules of air

A
  1. Air flows from high pressure to low pressure
  2. Warm air ascends
  3. Warm air absorbs more water vapor
17
Q

Altitude & Ratio with temperature

A

Higher altitudes -> lower temperatures & air pressure
100m/0.65C

18
Q

Cloud cover - 3 basic clouds

A

Cumulus, Stratus, Cirrus

19
Q

Sunlight duration (2)

A

The amount of sunshine the Earth receives (greatest at equator)
Affects temperature

20
Q

Air pressure (1)

A

Air pressure & density are higher in lower altitudes

21
Q

Wind direction (Northern & southern)

A

H: clockwise, L: anticlockwise (Coriolis effect, opposite in southern hemisphere)

22
Q

Factors affecting climate (7)

A
  1. Latitude
  2. Altitude - 0.65C/100m
  3. Continentality - distance from the sea
  4. Ocean currents - increase/reduce temp.
  5. Direction of prevailing wind
  6. Topography - Rainshadow effect
  7. Human activity
23
Q

Climate Zones (7)

A
  1. Equatorial
  2. Subequatorial
  3. Tropical
  4. Subtropical
  5. Temperate
  6. Subarctic
  7. Polar
24
Q

Monsoons (3)

A

Seasonal winds
Summer - brings precipitation
Winter - dry
Temperature difference between land and ocean

25
Q

Local winds - types (2)

A

Breeze/Foehn

26
Q

Breeze

A

light/gentle wind by the sea, caused by the difference in temperatures of land/sea

27
Q

Foehn

A

Dry, warm leeward (downslope) winds

28
Q

Weather fronts (2)

A

Boundary of separating air masses which are different
Warm/Cold fronts

29
Q

Cyclones

A

Large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low pressure
Clouds, rain, storm

30
Q
A

gamka (6 decks)

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