cheheheh - atoms and compounds

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Basic unit of matter

Question 1

Atom consist of…

Answer 1

Nucleus(+) and Electron cloud(-)

Question 2

Size and mass of nucleus

Answer 2

10k times smaller than atom, but contains almost the whole mass of the atom

Question 3

Nucleus consists of…

Answer 3

positively charged Protons and electrically neutral neutrons, together they are called nucleons

Question 4

Electrons

Answer 4

They’re in the Electron cloud and possess a negative charge

Question 5

Atom - charge

Answer 5

Number of Protons and Electrons are the same, so it has a neutral charge

Question 6

Atomic Number (4)

Answer 6

1. Z
2. number of Protons in the nucleus
3. Atoms of the particular element always have the same atomic number
4. Atoms are listed in the p. table based on Z

Question 7

Mass number (2)

Answer 7

1. A
2. the number of nucleons in the atom(proton + neutron)

Question 8

Electron cloud (2)

Answer 8

1. Electrons are arranged in shells
2. Last occupied shell -> Valence shell
   -> only Valence electrons are involved in chemical reactions

Question 9

Number of period

Answer 9

Number of shells

Question 10

Number of the main group

Answer 10

Number of Valence electrons

Question 11

Orbitals(3)

Answer 11

Electrons do not move randomly
-> they are in certain spaces called Orbitals
-> types: s, p, d, f (1, 3, 5, 7 orbitals = 2, 6, 10, 14 electrons)

Question 12

Chemical bond

Answer 12

Attractive force between two Atoms

Question 13

Chemical bond - types

Answer 13

Covalent and Ionic

Question 14

Covalent bond(4)

Answer 14

Based on the shared Electron pairs
-> belong to both Atoms
-> reason: to have full Valence shell
Result: Molecule

Question 15

Electronegativity (2)

Answer 15

Ability to attract the shared electron pair
-> the e. pair is shifted to atom with higher X

Question 16

Nonpolar Covalent Bond (2)

Answer 16

Difference of X is =< 0,4
The e. pair is shared equally

Question 17

Polar Covalent Bond (3)

Answer 17

Difference of X is between 0,4 and 1,7(0,4<X=<1,7)
The e. pair is shifted towards the atom with higher electronegativity
Forms partial charge
Atom with lower - partial positive charge = 𝛿-
Atom with higher - partial negative = 𝛿+

Question 18

Ionic bond (3)

Answer 18

Diff. of X is bigger than 1,7
The e. belongs to the atom w/ higher electronegativity
Forms Ions: Cations and Anions

Question 19

Crystals - Ions (3)

Answer 19

hard and brittle
Surrounded by oppositely charged Ions
Do not conduct electricity

Question 20

Melted/Dissolved Ions

Answer 20

Conduct electricity bcs the ions are free to move