Hip FINAL Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip
ball and socket
why is the hip more stable than the shoulder
bone structure
number and strength of muscles/ligaments
what makes up the socket of the hip
acetabulum
the hip is formed at the juncture of the 3 bones of the pelvis:
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
the acetabulum is aka the ______ bone
innominate
the hip has a functional articular surface known as the _____ surface
lunate
the lunate surface of the hip has a ring of articular cartilage that is thickest _____ and _____, and absent _____ where there is a notch
- superiorly
- posteriorly
- inferiorly
what is the hip socket made deeper by?
rim of fibrocartilage called the labrum
what type of pressure is present between labrum and joint? what does this contribute to?
hydrostatic pressure
- lubrication and stability
what makes up the ball of the hip
head of femur
the head of the femur is covered with a thick articular cartilage, except for…
small central area called fovea
what is so significant about the fovea
head of the femur attaches to the acetabulum here
what is the body position where hip congruency is highest? (tightest fit)
quadruped position (on hands and knees)
shape of pelvic inlet is more _____ in females
oval
iliac wings are more _____ in females
flared
ischial tuberosity are _____ in male
narrower
the Q angle is the angle between what 2 lines
- middle of patella to ASIS
2. tibial tuberosity through center of patella
whose Q angle is larger, male or female
female (further laterally)
what is significant about a females Q angle?
predisposes her to knee injury/pain (when quads contract it pulls laterally instead of straight up)
can Q angle be altered?
no. train quad strength to protect patella (vastus lateralis oblique)
normal Q angle for males and females
male: 10 deg.
female: 15 deg.
what happens if your Q angle is greater than 20 deg.
lateral patellar tracking and knee pain
abnormally high femoral neck to shaft angle
coxa valga
Abnormally low femoral neck to shaft angle
coxa vera
Abnormally short neck of the femur. [head of femur sitting on shaft of femur]
coxa breva
what is a normal angle of anteversion?
normal is 12 deg
>12 = anteversion
how is anteverted hip observed? retroverted ?
anteverted: toeing in
retroverted: toeing out
PM’s hip flexion? Normal deg?
rectus femoris
iliacus
psoas major
- 0-125 deg
PM’s hip extension? Normal deg.
Biceps femoris Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosis Semitendinosus - 0-20 deg
PM’s Hip Abduction? Normal deg?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
- 0-45 deg.
PM’s of hip adduction? Normal deg.?
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Gracilis - 0-30 deg.
PM’s hip internal rotation? Normal deg.?
(same as abduction)
- 0-45 deg.
PM’s hip external rotation? Normal deg?
Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
- 0-45 deg.
during gait, the hip flexes between ___-___ deg. during swing phase
30-40
During ____ phase, the hip extends past neutral to a few degrees of extension
stance
The hip ______ rotates during most of the stance phase, then _____ rotates just before toe off and stays in ____ ___ until the end of the swing phase
internally
externally
external rotation
when you are standing upright on 2 feet how much contraction from hip musculature occurs
very little
when you stand on 1 leg what contracts to keep you stabilized
abductors strongly contract
during normal walking joint reaction forces (JRF) in the hip are __x body weight in males and __x in females. Why?
7x, 4x
- wider pelvis in females (less force for same torque)
as speed of walking increases, ____ increases
JRF
joint reaction forces
recommendations for hip pain
- cushioned shoes
- walk slower (low JRF)
- use cane (low JRF)
- regular exercises (swimming)
