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Biomechanics > Hip FINAL > Flashcards

Hip FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip

A

ball and socket

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2
Q

why is the hip more stable than the shoulder

A

bone structure

number and strength of muscles/ligaments

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3
Q

what makes up the socket of the hip

A

acetabulum

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4
Q

the hip is formed at the juncture of the 3 bones of the pelvis:

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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5
Q

the acetabulum is aka the ______ bone

A

innominate

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6
Q

the hip has a functional articular surface known as the _____ surface

A

lunate

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7
Q

the lunate surface of the hip has a ring of articular cartilage that is thickest _____ and _____, and absent _____ where there is a notch

A
  • superiorly
  • posteriorly
  • inferiorly
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8
Q

what is the hip socket made deeper by?

A

rim of fibrocartilage called the labrum

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9
Q

what type of pressure is present between labrum and joint? what does this contribute to?

A

hydrostatic pressure

- lubrication and stability

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10
Q

what makes up the ball of the hip

A

head of femur

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11
Q

the head of the femur is covered with a thick articular cartilage, except for…

A

small central area called fovea

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12
Q

what is so significant about the fovea

A

head of the femur attaches to the acetabulum here

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13
Q

what is the body position where hip congruency is highest? (tightest fit)

A

quadruped position (on hands and knees)

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14
Q

shape of pelvic inlet is more _____ in females

A

oval

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15
Q

iliac wings are more _____ in females

A

flared

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16
Q

ischial tuberosity are _____ in male

A

narrower

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17
Q

the Q angle is the angle between what 2 lines

A
  1. middle of patella to ASIS

2. tibial tuberosity through center of patella

18
Q

whose Q angle is larger, male or female

A

female (further laterally)

19
Q

what is significant about a females Q angle?

A

predisposes her to knee injury/pain (when quads contract it pulls laterally instead of straight up)

20
Q

can Q angle be altered?

A

no. train quad strength to protect patella (vastus lateralis oblique)

21
Q

normal Q angle for males and females

A

male: 10 deg.
female: 15 deg.

22
Q

what happens if your Q angle is greater than 20 deg.

A

lateral patellar tracking and knee pain

23
Q

abnormally high femoral neck to shaft angle

A

coxa valga

24
Q

Abnormally low femoral neck to shaft angle

A

coxa vera

25
Q

Abnormally short neck of the femur. [head of femur sitting on shaft of femur]

A

coxa breva

26
Q

what is a normal angle of anteversion?

A

normal is 12 deg

>12 = anteversion

27
Q

how is anteverted hip observed? retroverted ?

A

anteverted: toeing in
retroverted: toeing out

28
Q

PM’s hip flexion? Normal deg?

A

rectus femoris
iliacus
psoas major
- 0-125 deg

29
Q

PM’s hip extension? Normal deg.

A 
Biceps femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Semimembranosis
Semitendinosus
- 0-20 deg
30
Q

PM’s Hip Abduction? Normal deg?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
- 0-45 deg.

31
Q

PM’s of hip adduction? Normal deg.?

A 
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Gracilis
- 0-30 deg.
32
Q

PM’s hip internal rotation? Normal deg.?

A

(same as abduction)

- 0-45 deg.

33
Q

PM’s hip external rotation? Normal deg?

A

Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
- 0-45 deg.

34
Q

during gait, the hip flexes between ___-___ deg. during swing phase

A

30-40

35
Q

During ____ phase, the hip extends past neutral to a few degrees of extension

A

stance

36
Q

The hip ______ rotates during most of the stance phase, then _____ rotates just before toe off and stays in ____ ___ until the end of the swing phase

A

internally
externally
external rotation

37
Q

when you are standing upright on 2 feet how much contraction from hip musculature occurs

A

very little

38
Q

when you stand on 1 leg what contracts to keep you stabilized

A

abductors strongly contract

39
Q

during normal walking joint reaction forces (JRF) in the hip are __x body weight in males and __x in females. Why?

A

7x, 4x

- wider pelvis in females (less force for same torque)

40
Q

as speed of walking increases, ____ increases

A

JRF

joint reaction forces

41
Q

recommendations for hip pain

A
  • cushioned shoes
  • walk slower (low JRF)
  • use cane (low JRF)
  • regular exercises (swimming)

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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