Foot/Ankle FINAL

Question 1

Bones of the foot/ankle

Answer 1

2 sesamoid
tibia
fibula
7 tarsal
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges

Question 2

how many joints in the foot/ankle

Answer 2

33

Question 3

what are the 7 tarsal bones

Answer 3

talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform

Question 4

the ankle joint is comprised of what 2 major joints

Answer 4

1. distal tibiofibular

2. talocrural

Question 5

distal tibiofib is supported by what

Answer 5

3 ligaments and a membrane

Question 6

what type of tissue makes up tibiofib joint

Answer 6

dense fibrous tissue

Question 7

which joint is considered the primary ankle joint? why?

Answer 7

talocrural; where most ankle motion occurs

Question 8

what bones comprise the talocrural joint

Answer 8

talus tibia fibula

Question 9

the tibia and tibia form a _____ for the talus

Answer 9

mortise

Question 10

PM’s of ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 10

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

Question 11

PM’s of ankle plantarflexion

Answer 11

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
**form achilles tendon

Question 12

PM’s ankle inversion

Answer 12

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

Question 13

PM’s ankle eversion

Answer 13

Peroneus longus & brevis

Question 14

during normal walking, ankle ROM i about ___ deg. dorsiflexion to about ___ deg. plantarflexion

Answer 14

10-20

Question 15

ankle motion _____ as people walk faster

Answer 15

decreases (this is opp. of knee and hip)

Question 16

When standing on your toes of one leg, joint reaction forces (JRF) are about ___x body weight.

Answer 16

2x

Question 17

When walking, JRF peaks at about __x body weight. Why?

Answer 17

5x

- tension of gastroc-soleus muscles

Question 18

During faster walking, the JRF peak is still about the same, however the _____ is different.

Answer 18

pattern

Question 19

2 JRF peaks occur instead of one. what are they

Answer 19

1. loading response (heel strike)

2. late stance (propulsion/toe off)

Question 20

the foot can be subdivided into what3 sections

Answer 20

1. rearfoot (calcaneus and talus)
2. midfoot (navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms)
3. forefoot (metatarsal, phalanges)

Question 21

when Foot movement occurs generally in all 3 planes simultaneously is it called

Answer 21

triplanar movement

Question 22

2 major foot movements

Answer 22

pronation supination

Question 23

supination is a combo of what 3 movements

Answer 23

1. plantar flexion
2. adduction
3. inversion

Question 24

pronation is a combo of what 3 movements

Answer 24

1. dorsiflexion
2. abduction
3. eversion

Question 25

4 main foot jointd

Answer 25

1. subtalar (talocalcaneal)
2. midtarsal (chopart’s)
3. intertarsal and tarsometatarsal
4. metatarsophalangeal

Question 26

3 arches of the foot

Answer 26

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse

Question 27

arch aka high arch

Answer 27

medial longitudinal

Question 28

arches of the foot are supported by what 4 things

Answer 28

1. architecture of tarsal
2. orientation of joints/ligaments
3. plantar ligaments and fascia
4. muscle forces

Question 29

what are these called?
High arch:
Low arch/flat feet:
Normal arch:

Answer 29

high: pes cavus
low: pes planus
normal: neutral

Question 30

what is plantar fascia

Answer 30

thick connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot

Question 31

where does plantar fascia run to and from

Answer 31

from calcaneal tuberosity to heads of metatarsal bones

Question 32

what is plantar fascia responsible for

Answer 32

windlass effect

Question 33

what is plantar fascia aka

Answer 33

aponeurosis fascia

Question 34

what is the windlass affect

Answer 34

passive mechanism [does not require muscle contraction] for increasing arch height & rigidity of the foot during walking.

Question 35

when does the windlass effect occur

Answer 35

when the toes (especially hallux) extend during the toe-off phase of gait