Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

________ is the study of structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of ________.

A

Biomechanics; mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biomechanics is the study of ______ and their effects on living ______

A

forces; systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a force

A

a push or pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the SI measurement for force?

A

a newton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do we graphically represent a force’s magnitude and direction?

A

vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the length of the vector represent? What part of the vector represents the direction?

A
  • size of the force

- direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a scaler? examples?

A

a quantity that has magnitude but no direction; mass volume density (a known amount)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

forces acting within the object or system whose motion is being investigated

A

internal forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

t/f internal forces do not change the center of mass

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are two examples of internal forces?

A

tensile forces & compressive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pulling force that acts on the internal structure (object under tension)

A

tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pushing forces that act on the ends of an internal structure (object under compression)

A

compressive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

forces that act on an object as a result of its interaction with the environment surrounding it

A

external forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of an external force and why?

A

measuring weight because weight is the force of gravity acting on an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

weight = ?

A

mass x gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the unit for mass?

A

kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does ‘g’ represent

A

acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/2 squared)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

t/f kilogram is the unit for mass and not for weight

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you calculate weight?

A

mass x speed of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

forces that occur between objects that are touching one another

A

contact forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contact forces can be either ____ or _____

A

solid or fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is an example of a contact force

A

air resistance, water resistance, the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 2 components of contact force?

A
  1. normal contact force aka normal reaction force

2. friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which contact force acts perpendicular to the surfaces in contact

A

normal contact force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the line of friction is _____ to the 2 surfaces in contact & _____ motion (or sliding) between the _____

A
  • parallel
  • opposes
  • surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what forces are responsible for human locomotion?

A

friction forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dry friction between two surfaces that are not moving

A

static friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

static friction is also referred to as _____ friction

A

limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Dynamic friction is also called _____ friction and ______ friction

A

sliding, kinetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which type of friction acts between two moving surfaces?

A

dynamic friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

friction is proportional to what?

A

normal contact force (pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the greater the ______ between two objects in contact the greater the friction

A

pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the outcome of adding vectors called?

A

the resultant force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the vector addition of all the external forces is the …

A

net force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

adding vectors on the same line

A

colinear force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

vectors that are not on the same line but in the same plane

A

concurrent forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the method for graphically representing a co-planar vector

A

tip to tail method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the three rules for tip to tail method

A
  1. draw vectors to scale
  2. draw vectors at the appropriate angle
  3. can add many vectors in any order
39
Q

trigonometric vector resolution

A

geometry of triangles

40
Q

when do you use the pythagorean theorem?

A

for right triangles ONLY

41
Q

when do you use the law of sines

A

to determine angles in non-right triangles

42
Q

when do you use the law of cosines

A

to determine magnitude in non-right triangles

43
Q

what is the acronym for remembering graphing calculator equations when solving for right triangles

A

SOHCAHTOA

44
Q

when solving for the vertical component, always use ____ component

A

cosign

45
Q

what are the three types of motion

A
  1. linear motion
  2. angular motion
  3. general motion
46
Q

define linear motion

A

uniform motion of the body; all parts move in the same direction at the same speed

47
Q

body parts don’t move _____ to each other

A

relative

48
Q

what are the two types of linear motion

A

a. rectilinear (straight path)

b. curvilinear (arched path)

49
Q

rotation around a central imaginary line called the axis of rotation; this line is perpendicular to the plane of motion

A

angular motion (rotary motion)

50
Q

the axis of rotation in angular motion may be ______ or ______

A

internal or external

51
Q

general motion consists of _____ and _____ motion

A

linear and angular

52
Q

the study of shape, form, pattern, & sequencing of linear movements through time

A

linear kinematics

53
Q

two branches of linear kinematics

A

qualitative: ID major joint motions sequencing & timing of body movements (no numbers)
quantitative: specific time, velocity (numbers)

54
Q

define position

A

location in space

55
Q

a ____ is only a quantity, while a ____ needs displacement

A

scaler; vector

56
Q

rate of motion is known as

A

speed (distance/time)

57
Q

rate of motion in a specific direction is known as

A

a vector

58
Q

t/f velocity is a vector

A

true

59
Q

changing the ______ or _____ changes the velocity, since it is a vector

A

displacement or time

60
Q

what is the unit for velocity and speed

A

meters to seconds

61
Q

what is the equation for speed

A

stride length x stride frequency

62
Q

distance between ipsilateral [same side] heel strikes; measured in ______

A

stride; meters

63
Q

what does stride frequency represent

A

per second (Hz)

64
Q

what is the equation for velocity

A

change in velocity/change in time

65
Q

a body launched into the air is influenced by ____ and _____ resistance only

A

gravity; air resistance

66
Q

path of projectile through its flight

A

trajectory

67
Q

what is the trajectory influenced by

A
  1. projection angle
  2. projection speed
  3. projection height
68
Q

angle from the horizontal at which a projectile takes off

A

projection angle

69
Q

in projection angle, the ____ influences the ____ of the projectiles path

A

angle; shape

70
Q

three types of projectile angles

A
  1. vertical
  2. oblique
  3. horizontal
71
Q

takeoff velocity of the body in motion

A

projectile speed

72
Q

the projection ____ determines the ____ of the trajectory

A

speed; size

73
Q

uniformly accelerated motion is the ______ motion of a projectile

A

vertical

74
Q

in uniformly accelerated motion there is constant _______; the most common found is ______

A

acceleration; gravity (9.81 m/s2)

75
Q

when a projectile is launched into the air it is _________ at 9.81 m/s2 until it reaches it’s ____ _____

A

decelerating; peak height

76
Q

angular kinematics

A

motion around an axis

77
Q

_____ are axes of rotation

A

joints

78
Q

angular kinematics requires measurement of angles using

A

protractor
goniometer
electrogoniometer
computer

79
Q

2 types of angles you can measure

A
  1. relative (looking at position of one body segment relative to the other)
  2. absolute: angle of a body segment relative to a reference line
80
Q

the difference between the final and initial angle of segments is known as

A

angular displacement (moving in a circular path)

81
Q

going from 150 deg. to 90 deg. is known as a _______ displacement

A

negative

82
Q

when a joint is fully extended it is at ___ degrees

A

0

83
Q

one circle = ___ degrees, ___ radians, ____ revolution

A
  • 360 degrees
  • 2(pi) radians
  • 1 revolution
84
Q

1 revolution = ___ rad

A

6.28

85
Q

1 rad = _____ degrees

A

57.3

86
Q

what is the equation for angular velocity? what is it similar to?

A

omega (w) = 0 (theta) / change in time (t);

velocity = distance/time

87
Q

what is the equation for angular acceleration?

A

a= change in w / change in t

88
Q

the greater the _____ a given point on a rotating body is located from the axis of rotation, the greater the ____ _______ undergone by that point

A

distance; linear displacement

89
Q

what is the equation for linear velocity? what is the rule associated with this equation?

A

VL = r x w

**w must be in radians/second

90
Q

we can maximize the striking force by increasing what?

A

angular velocity or the radius

91
Q

linear velocity is important in what types of activities

A

striking

92
Q

acceleration tangent to the circular path of a point on a rotating object

A

at (tangential acceleration)

93
Q

acceleration toward the center of a curve

A

ar (radial acceleration)

Biomechanics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions