Gait Analysis FINAL

Question 1

where does ambulation take place in humans

Answer 1

in upright posture via cyclic movements in upper and lower extremities

Question 2

The normal gait cycle consists of two major phases:

Answer 2

one heel strike to another heel strike (full stride)

• stance phase
• swing phase

Question 3

The stance phase occurs approximately ___% of the time in the normal gait cycle

Answer 3

60

Question 4

The swing phase occurs about __% of the time

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

T/F When running there is no period of double support [only 1 foot in contact at a time]

Answer 5

true

Question 6

T/F In walking: over-lapping double support: one toe on one leg in contact & one toe in contact with ground & one foot in contact…

Answer 6

true

Question 7

In running:
___% land on heel (rear foot)
___% land on mid-foot
___% land on toes (forefoot)

Answer 7

• 75
• 23
• 2

Question 8

Running GRF?

Answer 8

2-3x body weight

Question 9

what does the stance phase consist of

Answer 9

1. initial heel strike
2. period of single limb support
3. opposite heel strike
4. period of double support

Question 10

When analyzing one leg/foot through the gait cycle, we can divide the stance phase into what 4 components?

Answer 10

1. initial contact
2. midstance
3. late stance
4. pre-swing

Question 11

what is initial contact aka

Answer 11

heel strike; loading response; 1st rocker

Question 12

in initial contact, just prior to contact with the ground, the ankle is in what position

Answer 12

about neutral DF (foot may be slightly supinated)

Question 13

in initial contact, what ankle movement occurs with loading

Answer 13

plantarflexion, foot pronation

Question 14

_____ of the foot helps absorb shock

Answer 14

pronation

Question 15

Loading response ends with …

Answer 15

contralateral toe off

Question 16

____ arches never pronate & experience more foot pain

Answer 16

high

Question 17

midstance is aka

Answer 17

second rocker

Question 18

in midstance, body weight begins to move out of _____ and toward a _____ position

Answer 18

pronation; neutral

Question 19

when does mid stance phase end

Answer 19

when COG is directly over the foot.

Question 20

what is late stance aka

Answer 20

3rd rocker, terminal stance

Question 21

in late stance, the ankle ____ ____, the foot _____, & the toes ______

Answer 21

plantar flexes
supinates
extend

Question 22

______ makes the foot act as a rigid lever for propulsion

Answer 22

supination

Question 23

______ of the toes causes the Windlass effect** pulling the ____ ____ tight for greater rigidity [one cause: tight gastroc, soleus or achilles]

Answer 23

• extension

- plantar fascia

Question 24

when does late stance end

Answer 24

when the contralateral foot contacts the ground.

Question 25

When does pre-swing/terminal phase begin and end

Answer 25

Begins at contralateral initial contact & ends at toe off.

Question 26

when does swing phase being and end

Answer 26

begins at toe off

- occurs until foot has completed the gait cycle by making contact with the ground again

Question 27

the swing phase is divided into what 3 components

Answer 27

initial swing
midswing
terminal swing

Question 28

when does initial swing occur

Answer 28

beings at toe off until max knee flexion (60 deg)

Question 29

When does mid swing occur

Answer 29

from max knee flexion until tibia is vertical or perp. to the ground

Question 30

when does terminal swing occur

Answer 30

begins where tibial is vertical and ends at initial contact

Question 31

7 regions of the body to analyze in gait analysis

Answer 31

1. head position
2. trunk
3. arm swing
4. hips/pelvis
5. thigh/knee
6. lower leg
7. foot/ankle

Question 32

Head position possibilities

Answer 32

1. vertically aligned
2. Inclined forward or backward
3. tilted

Question 33

Trunk possibilities

Answer 33

1. vertically aligned
2. kyphosis
3. lordosis
4. trunk flexion
5. scoliosis

Question 34

Arm swing possibilities

Answer 34

1. In opposition to legs
2. less or greater than 45 deg.
3. rigid swing
4. wrist/hand/finger movement
5. equal ROM for both
6. normal rotation

Question 35

hip/pelvis possibilities

Answer 35

1. same height
2. moving up/down excessively
3. anterior or posterior rotation
4. neutral rotation
5. hip flexion less than 45 deg
6. hip extension less than 20 deg.

Question 36

thigh possibilities

Answer 36

1. thigh below horizontal

2. thigh becomes horizontal

Question 37

knee possibilities

Answer 37

1. ROM > or

Question 38

lower leg possibilities

Answer 38

1. vertical at initial contact
2. inclined backward at initial contact
3. push off with leg vertical
4. push off with leg anteriorly
5. equal ROM

Question 39

foot/ankle possibilities

Answer 39

1. rigid
2. turned outward/inward
3. initial contact with ball, toes, heel
4. weight on medial or lateral portion
5. long or short step length
6. fast or slow cadence
7. wide or narrow base of support