Highlight- Middle Ages

Question 1

What is pomp and circumstance mean

Answer 1

beginning of impressive formal activities and ceremonies

Question 2

People had more of a selection of what during this time

Answer 2

Funeral goods

Question 3

Where was a popular place people wanted to be buried during this time?

Answer 3

in/around their church.. churchyard cemeteries

Question 4

What led to overcrowding of cemeteries during this time and what eventually was conducted?

Answer 4

Plague and mass deaths, and mass burials were conducted

Question 5

Why was “the burial in woolen act” formed and when?

Answer 5

Shortage of fine linens in 1666

Question 6

What was developed during this period

Answer 6

Burial clubs and guilds

Question 7

What was continued from the Hebrew influence to prevent premature burials

Answer 7

Wakes

Question 8

A person who took unto themselves the sins of the dead by eating bread and drinking beer

Answer 8

Sin-eater

Question 9

Took care of the tasks in and around the churches

Answer 9

Church Sextons

Question 10

Who were introduced during this period?

Answer 10

Surgeons and anatomists

Question 11

What was needed for use by anatomists

Answer 11

Cadavers

Question 12

Where was Alexander the Great shipped and in what?

Answer 12

Macedonia and in honey

Question 13

a decorated platform that supports a coffin

Answer 13

catafalque

Question 14

The simplicity that characterized the churchs primitive burial practices gave way to an imposing dignity that better expressed its importance and that of certain of its members. the dead were brought to church where a requiem of mass was said or sung

Answer 14

funeral practices Middle Ages

Question 15

masses made in fulfillment of vows or promises

Answer 15

votive masses

Question 16

The body was placed on a bier or a hearse and on it was laid the book of the gospels as a symbol of father and the cross as a symbol of hope. On the way to the grave, a pall was thrown over the corpse, and priests bearing candles and chanting psalms marched before or on either side of the dead.

Answer 16

The practice when an Anglo-Saxon of importance died

Question 17

a donation to the church

Answer 17

soul shot or mortuary fee

Question 18

Why did the pope erase the old prohibition against church burial?

Answer 18

it distressed relatives to see their dead carried far from them, and that transportation involved heavy expense to the poor.

Question 19

Why did burials within churchs become a problem? and how was it fixed?

Answer 19

The amount of space available for sepulture within the church was severely limited.
- church burials became a privilege to be granted in the future to priests and to such persons as merited such special recognition by the eminence of their lives.

Question 20

another name for a churchyard

Answer 20

gods acre

Question 21

why was burial in churchyards such a sought after privilege?

Answer 21

because people feared vampires or ghouls and burying the deceased in consecrated ground stopped them from coming close

Question 22

murder of ones self

Answer 22

felo de se

Question 23

they were sometimes buried at a crossroads with a stake driven through the body; sometimes in the churchyard by night

Answer 23

If someone was found guilty of “felo de se”

Question 24

The belief in a state of purgation in which “those whole souls are not perfectly cleansed undergo a process of cleansing” before they can enter heaven;

Answer 24

Catholic doctrine of “Purgatory”

Question 25

Who made the necessary funeral arrangements, which included requiem mass, burial with solemnity, the payment of the soul shot (mortuary fee) and a liberal distribution of alms?

Answer 25

The steward of the Guild

Question 26

How were death notices announced? and by whom?

Answer 26

by human voice; by the death crier and the death watcher; dressed in black, with a death head’s and crossbones painted on the front and back of his gown or tabard with a bell in hand

Question 27

When did the bubonic plague enter Europe and how many people died in one day?

Answer 27

542 & killed 10,000 people

Question 28

What century was the Black Death?

Answer 28

14th century

Question 29

When did the Black Death plague reoccur?

Answer 29

15th, 16th, and 17th centuries

Question 30

In what years were marked as the “great Plague of London”?

Answer 30

1664 & 1665

Question 31

When was an order issued prohibiting burial between 6pm and 6am

Answer 31

During the plague of 1547

Question 32

When was the order prohibiting burial between 6pm and 6 am reversed and why?

Answer 32

in 1665, and because the 12 hours of darkness proved too short to bury the dead

Question 33

What happened when all of the consecrated ground was filled with dead people?

Answer 33

Great trenches were dug and bodies were placed in layers separated by sprinklings of earth until the trenches were filled.

Question 34

was there any cremation during the plague?

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

Why were burials prohibited in cemeteries between 6pm and 6 am?

Answer 35

• Based upon belief that people were less susceptible to the foul vapors of contagion during the day then they were at night; a belief that popularly persisted far into the 19th century.

Question 36

What is the “burial in woolen act” of 1666

Answer 36

this act provided that woolen cloth should be substituted for linen in the shroud and in the lining of the coffin, but that no penalty should be enacted for burying a plague victim in linen.

Question 37

Why was embalming looked down upon during the Middle Ages, but not forbidden?

Answer 37

costliness, and attendant mutilation of the body