Chapter 8 ice age Flashcards
The organization of funeral obsequies and provided the paraphernalia for funerals for those to whom elaborate mourning behavior in the fashion of the nobility, a class to which they did not belong, was primarily an affectation.
“undertooks”
When was the body preservation techniques finally dismantled to “sawdust and tar level” and were only used as a prerogative reserved for the branches of the healing arts.
18th century
What is a sere sheet
the wrapping of the body in a “cloth soaked in alum”
What were some of the preservation ways of the early colonists?
disembowling, filling cavity with characoal, immersing the body in alcohol or wrapping body in cloth soaked in alum
Who anticipated cryonics by nearly two centuries as he speculated on the possibility of embalming in wine.
Benjamin Franklin in 1773
Who was returned to England from Trafalgar in a barrel of rum?
Lord Nelson
Who’s body was thrust into a cask of alcohol and returned to USA (before it was usa) and where was this person buried
Nancy Martin 1857 and Oakdale Cemetery, Wilmington NC
What was the body placed in when it was sent elsewhere for burial?
Encased in a metal container, usually of lead, soldered airtight, nd encased in an outside coffin of wood.
When was the principle of chemical embalming by injection brought into the American Funeral Complex>
Shortly before the civil war
When was the first patent for the first “corpse preserver” approved?
1843 by John Good of Philadelphia
When did the corpse preserver grant get approved for commercial use?
1850
Consisted of a common cooling board, on which the body was laid out and a concave, metal, ice-filled box that fit the torso and was equipped with a lid, spigot and handles.
“corpse cooler”
Who patented for the “refrigerator for corpses” and in what year
Robert Frederick and G.A Trump; May 1846
Why was the refrigerator for corpses useful?
Used after the body was dressed so that the deceased wouldn’t decomposition as fast
What could be kept in the Kimball cooler and how many compartments?
2 compartments, 1 for bodies the other for ice
What was the initial name of the embalming table in the early 20th century?
“cooling board”
What is electroplating and who invented it?
a portable, oval shaped elastic receptacle with a funnel like top, handles at the side, a grooved back and a tube for deodorizing purposes. Patented in 1863 by Dr. Thomas Holmes.
When did Dr. Harlan return from France and had the “French Gannal’s history of embalming” published in PA; what did this article provide?
1840 and the article provided Americans with the first treatise dealing entirely with embalming and containing actual instructions on how to embalm.
Who was the “father of embalming” - refined the technique of arterial embalming.
Frederick Ruysch
Long before the 19th century, American anatomists had been preserving human specimens and tissues with chemical preservatives. What were those chemicals?
Bi-chloride of mercury, zinc-chloride and various arsenic-based compounds.
After how many embalming was Dr. Holmes ready to demonstrate that he “could check decomposition in any stage and placed the embalmed deceased and placed it on exhibition at an undertakers store”?
8 successful embalming
Who was the father of American embalming
Thomas Holmes
What is “Zouaves”
light infantry regiment based out of Chicago and New York
What high ranking official did Holmes’ embalm that skyrocketed his career?
Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth
Who embalmed Abraham Lincoln?
Henry D. Cattell
Who conducted the funeral of James K. Polk
W.R Cornelius
Who was the first black embalmer?
Prince Greer
Who patented embalming fluid in 1863?
F.A Hutton
What order was resulted in 1865 from the issuance of the Burr incident?
“order concerning embalmers”
What did the order concerning embalmers establish?
Orders concerning embalmers established a system for determining, through examination, the qualifications of those who sought to embalm military dead and provided for the licensing of successful candidates; the license to be issued only upon their furnishing a bond to ensure faithful performance of their duties.
Why did the Order concerning embalmers represent a first major effort in the USA?
It established a public agency to define professional requirements for embalmers and to end chaos of an unregulated field
What were the 3 major patents that Holmes patented?
1 & 2. were for embalming by exposing the body to disinfectant gases
3. “apparatus for filling blood vessels of dead bodies”
An elongated “sword like” hollow needle through which fluids might be injected into, and throughout the trunk cavity of the dead.
trocar
