Highlight- Medical Embalmers & English undertakers Flashcards
Beginning of what, other than just burying the dead
New lay occupation
Used anatomical plates and dissected over 50 bodies for his drawings in developing venous injection
Leonardo Da Vinci
18th Century Scottish anatomists that gave direction to arterial embalming as we know it
Drs. Williams and John Hunter
Who created barber surgeons
Henry the VIII
Who were blood-letters (reducers)
Monks who let blood to as a method of healing
Who forbad the monks from practicing blood letting?
The church
Who were the first licensed group to embalm?
Barber surgeons
With the revival of interest in anatomy and surgery, correlative with the rebirth of secular or lay medicine, physicians began to show a professional interest in the preservation of the corpse by other than traditional. What century did this happen?
15th century
Known to have turned the human body into stone by injecting the tissues with a solution of silicate of potash. For the 2nd step, he immersed the body in a weak acid solution
Girolamo segato (mid 17th century)
While searching for a means of inhibiting putrefaction in anatomical specimens, devised a technique for arterial embalming, but didn’t divulge its media and operative details
Dutch Professor Fredrick R. Ruysch (1638-1731)
anatomist and greatest of physiologists, injected colored solutions into the arteries to support his theories concerning the circulation of blood. Announced discovery to pupils in 1618.
William Harvey (1578-1657)
The great Scottish anatomist, included directions for the use of arterial and cavity embalming for preserving the human body not only for laboratory use but also for burial. First to fully report and openly the fluid and method to be used, he is considered the originator of the injection technique of preserving human remains
Dr. WIlliam Hunter (1718-1783)
Continued to prepare anatomical specimens and in 1775 embalmed the body of the wife of Martin Van Butcher, eccentric London dentist, employing both cavity and injection techniques. Also assisted by Cruickshank the surgeon, employed oil of turpentine and camphorated spirits of wine for arterial injection and camphor for cavity packing
John Hunter
What centuries did the church forbid the clergy to practice medicine on the grounds that men who had taken religious vows should have concern for the care of the soul rather than for that of the body; the church abhorred the shedding of blood; and that churchmen should not touch matters that could not openly be talked about
12th to 13th centuries/ 7 councils
referred to the fact that among other methods of healing, they reduced quantities of blood in their patients;
Bloodletters
What did monks have to get done 5 times a year
obliged to have the crowns of their heads shaved regularly for the tonsure and in some monasteries bled 5 times a year.
Since bloodletting was forbidden to the monks, who took over the process?
medieval barbers ; with whom already had experience with bloodletting
barbers of monasteries were referred too
barbers and reducers
another name for barber-surgeons
surgeons of the short robe
bloodletting led into more general surgery and ultimately arose the trade of
barber-surgeons
What did the barber-surgeons get that declared them alone to possess the right “to open, share and imbalm” in the 17th century
a formal decree
Embalm is an English word of what century?
14th century
in the sense of one who prepares the dead for burial and takes charge of and manages funerals
undertaker
a task or enterprise with no reservation as to the nature of this task
undertakes
A folk custom according to which neighbors and friends sat up with the dead, meanwhile eating and drinking
lychweake
Who was brought into the new and vaguely defined occupation of undertaking making wooden coffins
Carpenters, cabinetmakers, joiners and other workers in wood
2 points of advertising for carpenters making wooden coffins
- wide range of funerary goods made available
2. protection of the corpse
