Highlight- Medical Embalmers & English undertakers

Question 1

Beginning of what, other than just burying the dead

Answer 1

New lay occupation

Question 2

Used anatomical plates and dissected over 50 bodies for his drawings in developing venous injection

Answer 2

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 3

18th Century Scottish anatomists that gave direction to arterial embalming as we know it

Answer 3

Drs. Williams and John Hunter

Question 4

Who created barber surgeons

Answer 4

Henry the VIII

Question 5

Who were blood-letters (reducers)

Answer 5

Monks who let blood to as a method of healing

Question 6

Who forbad the monks from practicing blood letting?

Answer 6

The church

Question 7

Who were the first licensed group to embalm?

Answer 7

Barber surgeons

Question 8

With the revival of interest in anatomy and surgery, correlative with the rebirth of secular or lay medicine, physicians began to show a professional interest in the preservation of the corpse by other than traditional. What century did this happen?

Answer 8

15th century

Question 9

Known to have turned the human body into stone by injecting the tissues with a solution of silicate of potash. For the 2nd step, he immersed the body in a weak acid solution

Answer 9

Girolamo segato (mid 17th century)

Question 10

While searching for a means of inhibiting putrefaction in anatomical specimens, devised a technique for arterial embalming, but didn’t divulge its media and operative details

Answer 10

Dutch Professor Fredrick R. Ruysch (1638-1731)

Question 11

anatomist and greatest of physiologists, injected colored solutions into the arteries to support his theories concerning the circulation of blood. Announced discovery to pupils in 1618.

Answer 11

William Harvey (1578-1657)

Question 12

The great Scottish anatomist, included directions for the use of arterial and cavity embalming for preserving the human body not only for laboratory use but also for burial. First to fully report and openly the fluid and method to be used, he is considered the originator of the injection technique of preserving human remains

Answer 12

Dr. WIlliam Hunter (1718-1783)

Question 13

Continued to prepare anatomical specimens and in 1775 embalmed the body of the wife of Martin Van Butcher, eccentric London dentist, employing both cavity and injection techniques. Also assisted by Cruickshank the surgeon, employed oil of turpentine and camphorated spirits of wine for arterial injection and camphor for cavity packing

Answer 13

John Hunter

Question 14

What centuries did the church forbid the clergy to practice medicine on the grounds that men who had taken religious vows should have concern for the care of the soul rather than for that of the body; the church abhorred the shedding of blood; and that churchmen should not touch matters that could not openly be talked about

Answer 14

12th to 13th centuries/ 7 councils

Question 15

referred to the fact that among other methods of healing, they reduced quantities of blood in their patients;

Answer 15

Bloodletters

Question 16

What did monks have to get done 5 times a year

Answer 16

obliged to have the crowns of their heads shaved regularly for the tonsure and in some monasteries bled 5 times a year.

Question 17

Since bloodletting was forbidden to the monks, who took over the process?

Answer 17

medieval barbers ; with whom already had experience with bloodletting

Question 18

barbers of monasteries were referred too

Answer 18

barbers and reducers

Question 19

another name for barber-surgeons

Answer 19

surgeons of the short robe

Question 20

bloodletting led into more general surgery and ultimately arose the trade of

Answer 20

barber-surgeons

Question 21

What did the barber-surgeons get that declared them alone to possess the right “to open, share and imbalm” in the 17th century

Answer 21

a formal decree

Question 22

Embalm is an English word of what century?

Answer 22

14th century

Question 23

in the sense of one who prepares the dead for burial and takes charge of and manages funerals

Answer 23

undertaker

Question 24

a task or enterprise with no reservation as to the nature of this task

Answer 24

undertakes

Question 25

A folk custom according to which neighbors and friends sat up with the dead, meanwhile eating and drinking

Answer 25

lychweake

Question 26

Who was brought into the new and vaguely defined occupation of undertaking making wooden coffins

Answer 26

Carpenters, cabinetmakers, joiners and other workers in wood

Question 27

2 points of advertising for carpenters making wooden coffins

Answer 27

1. wide range of funerary goods made available

2. protection of the corpse