Chapter 6 ; early American funeral directing Flashcards
What were undertakers condsidered as until the second half of the 18th century?
Underwriters of commercial ventures in the colonies
Further evidence of the English influence in early funeral undertaking in the New World comes not from the colonies but from ?
Montreal Canada and 1820 directory of “merchants, traders and housekeepers”
In what year was coffin-making apart of the cabinet-making business and by whom?
1799 and Michael Jenkins of Baltimore Md
Who was the appointed coroner for the city of Baltimore, Md after combining coffin and cabinet making in 1799?
Michael Jenkins
A German quaker, set up a two story joiners shop in germantown, PA and made coffins upon demand in addition to his cabinet making business
Jacob Knorr
In addition to being a cabinet-making undertaker, funerals attended on short notice with hacks and hearse provided, by whom and when?
Thomas Chartres and 1829 Baltimore Md
“an undertaker who not only offered services on occasion at funerals, but who also furnished other undertakers with necessary supplies and paraphernalia”
Furnishing-undertaker
The cabinet-maker, carpenter, sexton, or liveryman who performed funerals as a sideline and who would not likely have the necessary supplies and paraphernalia at hand”
combination operator
Once the furnishing-undertaker was established, what did he encourage people to do?
He encouraged more people to enter the field of undertaking, as newcomers no longer felt concerned about the initial outlay for the merchandise and equipment required to start in business.
At the turn of the funeral industry, why were the “keepers of hacks and carriages” important?
As cities grew and the material recourses of the townsfolk increased, livery stable keepers were faced with an expanding demand for carriages for funerals. Foot processions and carrying coffins by hand were losing their appeal, because of the long distances, and the rental of carriages, buggies and other vehicles for funerals became more general.
What social class in 1750 could rent coaches and black horses for funerals from Samuel Bleigh and Alexander Thorpe?
High social classes
What century were the use of carriages and horse drawn hearses more general throughout the population?
19th century
In what year did we find a proprietor of a livery stable adding funeral undertaking functions to his vocation?
1824
Who developed a rough skill in laying out the dead, would give assistance often enough to feel an informal responsibility to offer their services in case of community or neighborhood deaths in the 19th century?
Adult females
What job was the first advancement toward connecting such informal personal services with a recognized occupation to assume a slightly more formal responsibility for the preparation of the dead for burial?
family nurse or nurse-goveness
