Highlight- Early Hebrews

Question 1

Flesh

Answer 1

Basar

Question 2

Soul

Answer 2

Nefesh

Question 3

Name of the underworld where the soul led a shadowy afterlife

Answer 3

Sheol

Question 4

Why was embalming and cremation not practiced during this time

Answer 4

Considered hurting the body and soul

Question 5

Why was internment denied

Answer 5

Act of punishment

Question 6

Why were families buried together on family property?

Answer 6

Family ties were important

Question 7

What were not used during this time period

Answer 7

Coffins

Question 8

When was burial taken place and why

Answer 8

before sunset out of necessity for hygienic reasons and the warmer climate

Question 9

What did the early Hebrews regard human being composed as (2)

Answer 9

basar and nefesh

Question 10

Spirit like substance that dwelt in life within the flesh or in particularly within the blood

Answer 10

breath

Question 11

The soul was not seen as a completely discarnate element, since the close blood-flesh spirit relation of human beings to Yahweh made a clear cut separation of the body and soul difficult for the Hebrews to conceive

Answer 11

death beliefs of Hebrews

Question 12

What happened when the corpse was hurt

Answer 12

the soul suffered

Question 13

a belief in one god

Answer 13

monotheism

Question 14

a belief in multiple gods

Answer 14

polytheism

Question 15

Hebrew death beliefs (not early hebrews)

Answer 15

upon death, souls of the righteous bereft of fleshy adornment, passed directly into a blessed existence; the souls of the wicked were sent into a state of punishment; and both would be raised from the netherworld at the day of the last judgment to receive their final rewards and punishments

Question 16

What happened immediately after death for early hebrews? or the “burial customs”

Answer 16

The eyes and mouth of the dead were closed, and the body was washed, anointed with sweet smelling spices and dressed in its best attire.

Question 17

What did the jewish believe about the dead in the underworld

Answer 17

That the dead could be recognized by their garments; meaning that they had been buried in their customary daily apparel.

Question 18

What practice did Jewish Historian Flavius Josephus start? A.D 37-100

Answer 18

That jewish officials and kings were buried with spices, ornaments, and gold and silver.

Question 19

When did burials take place during early Hebrew times and why?

Answer 19

burial commonly took place on the evening of the day of the death because of hygienic necessity because Palastine had such a warm climate, putrefaction began quickly and spread rapidly.

Question 20

How were the early Hebrews buried?

Answer 20

Without coffins;

bodies were borne to place of internment on a bier and when the grave was reached, they were buried.

Question 21

How did the poor differ from the rich during burial practices?

Answer 21

the poor were laid on the ground or in a shallow trench with a mound of dirt shoveled onto them.
The rich were interred in natural caves or in artificial sepulchers hewn out of rock.

Question 22

What were the mourning customs of the early Hebrews?

Answer 22

when death occurred, the NOK “rented their garments” ;

Although in the beginning, the mourner would remain naked until the burial rites were completed.

Question 23

What was an important rite and regular among the hebrews?

Answer 23

Lamentation for the dead

Question 24

What were some of the mourning customs in the early Hebrew times?

Answer 24

1. naked
2. bare feet (remained a symbol of death)
3. cutting in the flesh
4. cut hair
5. shaved off beard
6. sitting in dust or placing dust upon the head

Question 25

What did the jewish belief say about family ties?

Answer 25

That family ties weren’t necessarily severed by death and that determined their place of burial; families who were buried together rammed together in Sheol

Question 26

Where were the early tombs place and who was allowed access?

Answer 26

on the families land or near and only family members

Question 27

What would have happened if family members weren’t buried together?

Answer 27

A catastrophe and it was regarded as a manifestation of the judgment of Jehovah.

Question 28

What kind of tombs did the early hebrews prefer?

Answer 28

Simple tombs, natural or artificial chambers, unadorned, and even without inscription.

Question 29

What were the early hebrews opposing?

Answer 29

ancestor worship and general lack of interest in the plastic arts

Question 30

4 types of graves during early Hebrew times

Answer 30

1. the sunken grave with a stone cover
2. the bench grave
3. the trench grave
4. single chamber containing recess graves

Question 31

oblong excavations, one and a half feet square and six feet long, hewn lengthwise into the chamber wall.

Answer 31

Oldest and most common tomb is the single chamber containing recess graves

Question 32

What were ancient burials places used for?

Answer 32

They were sacred and used for worship, making vows and for sanctuary.

Question 33

What kind of offerings were made?

Answer 33

Treasures, incense, spices and food.

Question 34

What was given to the firstborn male and what was his duty?

Answer 34

A double portion of inheritance and the duty was bringing sacrifice and of making libation to the dead was his by law and custom.

Question 35

What did the early hebrews fear if they didn’t create a male child

Answer 35

That no-one would provide the gifts necessary so his soul could rest.

Question 36

What was rarely practiced during early hebrew time?

Answer 36

Embalming; it was more foreign rather than forbidden

Question 37

What happened when cremation took place?

Answer 37

It was frowned upon as an indignity to the corpse and was seen as a disgrace of the death penalty also a misfortune

Question 38

What did the early hebrews believe about the soul after cremation

Answer 38

that the soul wandered disconsolate in Sheol, found no rest, and were driven into pitiable conditions in nooks and corners.

Question 39

How were criminals killed and how were they buried

Answer 39

They were stoned to death, and were buried beneath the mound of stones that had slain them.