High Risk Newborn PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

birth weight <1000g or 2.2lb

A

ELBW (extremely low birth weight)

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2
Q

risks of ELBW & preterms

A

All systems are underdeveloped

  • CNS
  • Renal
  • Maintaining adequate nutrition
  • Low body temperature
  • Decreased hematologic status
  • Immune system
  • Retinopathy
  • Decrease in growth and development milestones
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3
Q

signs of ELBW & preterms

A
  • Transparent skin
  • Low APGAR
  • Periodic breathing
  • Bradycardia
  • Inadequate muscle mass
  • Fragile capillaries
  • Weak or absent suck reflex
  • Unable to excrete toxins
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4
Q

infant born after 42 weeks regardless of birth weight

A

post-term

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5
Q

postterm risks

A
  • Meconium aspiration
  • Fetal distress
  • Placental dysfunction
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6
Q

signs of postterm

A
  • Little to non vernix caseosa
  • No lanugo
  • Abundant scalp hair
  • Long fingernails
  • Wasted physical appearance
  • Depletion of subcutaneous fat
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7
Q

care of the preterm infant

A

Have airway - with warmed humidified O2
- Especially if there was meconium aspiration

May be on ventilator, under an O2 hood, or have binasal cannula

Wrap in polyethylene

As the baby improves, care is advanced SLOWLY

  • Kangaroo care
  • Gavage feedings
  • Continue glucose monitoring
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8
Q

preterm complications

A
  • RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
  • ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity)
  • BPD (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia)
  • PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus)
  • NE (Necrotizing Enterocolitis)
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9
Q

macrosomia associations

A

BIG baby

Maternal Diabetes

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10
Q

types of hyperbilirubinemia

A
  • Physiologic
  • Pathologic
  • Breastfed
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11
Q

breastfed hyperbilirubinemia

A

Benign and beings at 2-5days (early onset) or 5-10 days (late onset

  • Caused by inadequate or poor breastfeeding leading to decreased hepatic clearance

Treatment = good breastfeeding

Usually declines at week 2 but can persist 3-12wks
- No signs of hemolysis or liver dysfunction (meaning the infant has wet &/or dirty diapers after each feeding)

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12
Q

test to determine if the mother has built up antibodies to Rh antibodies

A

Indirect Coombs test

  • at first prenatal visit and again at 28 weeks
  • can cause hemolysis of the RBC in the infant
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13
Q

test on fetal cord blood after delivery to determine if there are any maternal antibodies in the fetal blood

A

Direct Coombs test

  • if the titer is high, an exchange transfusion may be necessary (not many have to do this)
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14
Q

hemolytic and congenital anomalies

A

CNS defects

Neural tube defects

  • encephalocele
  • anencephaly
  • spina bifida
  • myelomeningocele

Hydrocephalus

Microcephaly

Respiratory
- choanal atresia

GI

  • esophageal atresia
  • cleft lip/palate
  • omphalocele
  • gastroschisis
  • imperforate anus

GU

  • hypospadias
  • ambiguous genitalia

Musculoskeletal

  • polydactyly
  • oligodactyly
  • syndactyly
  • clubfoot
  • developmental dysplasia of the hip
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15
Q

too many digits (usually hereditary)

A

polydactyly

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16
Q

not enough digits (cause may be necrosis or delayed development in utero)

A

oligodactyly

17
Q

webbed hands or feet (usually hereditary)

A

syndactyly