Ch25 study guide (newborn nutrition and feeding) Flashcards
structures in the breast that contain alveoli surrounded by myoepithelial cells
- there are approximately 15-20 of these structures embedded in the fat and connective tissue I teach female breast
lobes
milk-producing cells
alveoli
breast structures that transport milk from the milk-producing cells to the nipple
- they form a complex intertwining network
milk ducts
cells that surround the alveoli
- these cells contract in response to oxytocin, resulting in the milk ejection/let-down reflex
myoepithelial cells
rounded, pigmented section of tissue surrounding the nipple
areola
the process of milk production
lactation (lactogenesis)
the lactogenic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to the infant’s suck and emptying of the breast
prolactin
posterior pituitary hormone that triggers the let-down reflex
oxytocin
reflex response of the nipple when the infant cries, suckles, or rubs against the breast
- this response aids in propelling milk through the milk ducts to the nipple pores
nipple erection reflex
nipple type that remains flat and soft and does not protrude, even when stimulated
inverted
plastic device that can be placed over the nipple and areola to keep clothing off the nipple and put pressure around its base to promote protrusion of the nipple
breast shell
clear yellowish, high protein, antibody rich fluid present in the breasts before the formation of milk
colostrum
breastfeeding problem that is best prevented by utilizing correct breastfeeding techniques
sore nipples
newborn behaviors that indicate hunger and a desire to eat, such as hand-to-mouth movements, rooting, and mouth and tongue movements
feeding cues
reflex triggers by the contraction of myoepithelial cells as a result of oxytocin stimulation
- colostrum, and later milk, is transported to the nipple
let-down or milk-ejection reflex (MER)
reflex stimulated when the area around a hungry baby’s mouth is touched
- the baby opens its mouth and begins to suck
rooting reflex
placement of the infant’s mouth over the nipple, areola, and breast, making a seal between the mouth and the breast to create adequate suction for milk removal
latch (latch-on)
breast response that occurs wrong the third to fifth day when the “milk comes in” and blood supply to the breasts increases
- the breasts become tender, swollen, hot and hard, and even shiny and red
engorgement
breastfeeding position in which the mother holds the baby’s head and shoulders in her hand with the baby’s back and body tucked under her arm
football (clutch) hold
breastfeeding position in which the baby’s head is positioned in the crook of the mother’s arm and the mother and baby are “tummy to tummy”
cradle (traditional) hold
health care professional who specializes in breastfeeding and may be available to assist a new mother with breastfeeding while in the hospital or after discharge
lactation consultant
infection of the breast manifested by a swollen, tender breast and sudden onset of flu-like symptoms
mastitis
breastfeeding problem that is most often the result of inadequate removal of milk from the breast
plugged milk ducts
short or tight frenulum, which interferes with extrusion and affection sucking
ankyloglossia (tongue tie)
process whereby the infant is gradually introduced to drinking from a cup and eating solid food while breastfeeding and bottle-feeding is reduced by gradually decreasing the number of feedings
weaning
milk that is initially released with breastfeeding and is lower in fat
foremilk
milk that is let down 10-20 minutes into the feeding
- often called the cream, it is denser in calories from fat necessary for optimal growth and contentment between feedings
hindmilk (cream)
the “mothering” hormones
prolactin and oxytocin
medications or substances that are believed to increase milk production
galactagogues
