Ch35 study guide (acquired problems of the newborn) Flashcards
physical injury sustained by a neonate during labor and birth
birth trauma (birth injury)
rupture of the capillaries within the eye caused by increased intracranial pressure during birth
- they usually clear within 5 days after birth and present no problems
subconjuctival (scleral & retinal) hemorrhages
bruises
- may appear on the face as the result of a face presentation or on the buttocks and genitalia with a breech presentation
ecchymoses
pinpoint hemorrhagic areas
petechiae
the bone most frequently fractured during birth
clavicle
brachial paralysis of the upper portion of the arm
- it is the most common type of paralysis associated with a difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy or brachial plexus injury
filature of the kidney to develop
renal agenesis
sacral agenesis with weakness or deformities of the lower extremities, malformation and fixation of the hip joints, and shortening or deformity of the femurs
caudal regression syndrome
excessive fetal growth resulting in a LGA newborn
- often associated with women who have pregestational or gestational diabetes
macrosomia
blood glucose levels less than 40 mg/dL in term infants
hypoglycemia
disease affecting the structure and function of the heart
cardiomyopathy
increased number of RBCs
- results in increased viscosity of the blood
polycythemia
results when the excessive RBCs are hemolyzed
hyperbilirubinemia
presence of microorganisms or their toxins in blood or other tissues
- it is one of the most significant causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality
sepsis
birth injury that can be inflicted with a scalpel during a cesarean birth or with scissors during an episiotomy
accidental laceration
disorder that results from toxins released into the bloodstream by microorganisms
- the most common sign is hypotension
- the infant will appear grey or mottled and will have cool extremities and rapid, irregular respirations and pulse
facial paralysis
administration of an antibiotic ointment (e.g., erythromycin) into the eyes of the newborn within 1hr of birth to prevent opthalmia neonatorum
eye prophylaxis
two types of skull fractures identified in the newborn due to a birth injury
linear & depressed fractures
most common type of paralysis associated with a difficult birth and defined as paralysis involving muscles of the upper extremity
brachial plexus injury
type of hemorrhage that occurs in newborns as a result of birth and trauma
- more likely to occur in a large newborn
intracranial hemorrhage
a collection of blood in the subdural space
subdural hematoma
infections caused by an organism that usually does not cause illness
- it is an outcome of HIV infection related to the suppression of immunology activity
- these infections include candidiasis and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
opportunistic infection
infection known as fifth disease or “slapped cheek illness” in older children
parvovirus B19
most common cardiac anomalies occurring in infants of diabetic mothers
- coarctation of the aorta
- transportation of the great vessels
- atrial or ventricular septal defects
