Ch18 Fetal Assessment During Labor (Exam 2, study guide)

Question 1

Average FHR range of 110-160bpm at term as assessed during a 10-minute segment that excludes periodic or episodic changes and periods of marked variability

Answer 1

baseline FHR

Question 2

Persistent (>10min) baseline FHR <110bpm

Answer 2

bradycardia

Question 3

visually apparent abrupt or gradual decrease in the FHR of >15bpm below the baseline that lasts >2min but <10min

Answer 3

prolonged decelerations

Question 4

changes from baseline patterns in FHR that occur with uterine contractions

Answer 4

periodic changes

Question 5

persistent (>10min) baseline FHR >160bpm

Answer 5

tachycardia

Question 6

expected irregular fluctuations in the baseline FHR of 2 cycles/min or greater as a result of the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 6

variability

Question 7

visually apparent gradual FHR decrease starting with the onset of a contraction in response to fetal head compression

Answer 7

early deceleration

Question 8

visually apparent gradual FHR decrease after the start of a uterine contraction, usually in response to uteroplacental insufficiency
- the lowest point occurs after the peak of the contraction and baseline rate is not usually regained until the UC is over

Answer 8

late deceleration

Question 9

visually abrupt FHR decrease any time during a contraction in response to umbilical cord compression

Answer 9

variable deceleration

Question 10

visually apparent abrupt increase in the FHR of >15bpm above the baseline rate that lasts >15sec with return to baseline <2min from the beginning of the increase

Answer 10

accelerations

Question 11

changes in FHR from baseline that are not associated with UCs

Answer 11

episodic changes

Question 12

deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood

Answer 12

hypoxemia

Question 13

inadequate supply of oxygen at the cellular level

Answer 13

hypoxia

Question 14

method of listening to fetal heart sounds at periodic intervals to assess the FHR using a Pinard stethoscope, DeLee-Hillis fetoscope, ultrasound stethoscope, or Doppler

Answer 14

intermittent auscultation

Question 15

external monitoring instrument that works by reflecting high-frequency sound waves off of the fetal heart and valves to assess and record the FHR pattern

Answer 15

ultrasound transducer

Question 16

ultrasound transducers are placed over the area of

Answer 16

maximum intensity of FHR after conductive gel is applied to its surface

Question 17

external monitoring instrument that measures uterine activity transabdominally

Answer 17

tocotransducer

Question 18

a tocotranducer is placed over the

Answer 18

fundus above the umbilicus

Question 19

internal monitoring instrument that is attached to the fetal presenting part to assess FHR pattern

Answer 19

spiral electrode

Question 20

internal monitoring instrument that is solid or fluid filled

- it is inserted into the intrauterine cavity to measure uterine activity

Answer 20

intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC)

Question 21

methods of assessment that use digital, sound, or light stimulation to determine the reaction of the FHR

Answer 21

fetal scalp stimulation
and
vibroacoustic stimulation

Question 22

instillation of room-temperature isotonic fluid (NS or LR) into the uterine cavity if the volume of amniotic fluid is low to relieve intermittent cord compression that results in variable decels and transient fetal hypoxia

Answer 22

amnioinfusion

Question 23

abnormally small amount of amniotic fluid

Answer 23

oligohydramnios

Question 24

absence of amniotic fluid

Answer 24

anhydramnios

Question 25

relaxation of the uterus that can be achieved through the administration of drugs that inhibit uterine contractions

Answer 25

tocolytics

Question 26

commonly used tocolytic

Answer 26

terbutaline (Brethine)

Question 27

assessment method used immediately after birth as an adjunct to the Apgar score
- it measures pH, pO2, pCO2, and base deficit or excess of the newborn’s blood

Answer 27

umbilical cord acid-base determination

Question 28

group of interventions initiated when an abnormal (nonreassuring) FHR pattern is noted to improve uteroplacental perfusion and increase maternal oxygenation and CO

Answer 28

intrauterine resuscitation