hfchapter 4 Flashcards
catabolism is?
when a large molecule is BROKEN DOWN into smaller molecules.
metabolic pathways are?
multiple chemical reactions one following another to produce a FINAL PRODUCT.
transcription is?
process of coping the genetic information of DNA to RNA molecules.
what are the types of supporting connective tissue?
cartilage and bone
which of the following are function of the integumentary system?
absorption, sensory reception, and secretion.
two types of osseous tissues are?
spongy bones and compact bones.
Cofactors of enzymes are?
small organic molecules and elements.
enzymes work by?
lowering the activation energy.
what are the three main categories of connective tissues?
connective tissue prospers, supporting connective tissues and liquid connective tissues.
neural tissues are specialized for?
electoral impulse conduction (nerve impulse).
which tissue is specialized for sensory reception?
nervous tissue.
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
cardiac, smooth and skeletal
the way to classify epiphytal cells is shape and number of layers.
true.
the layer of skin that contains papillary and reticular layers is the?
dermis.
what is the organ of the integumentary system?
skin.
melanocytes respond to UV radiation by?
increasing melanin production.
which vitamin is produced in the epidermis and necessary for the absorption of calcium?
viaticum D.
skin is involved with the primary homeostatic function of regulating temperature,
goosebumps and vesications/ vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.
how are bones classified?
by their shape.
the function unit of compact bones?
osteon.
how many pairs of true ribs are there?
7
what is the function of the skeletal system?
mineral storage, structure support, and protection.
the appendicular skeleton consist of?
the upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles.
tissues
group of similar cells with common function
4 types of tissues
epitherlial tissue, connective tissues, muscle tissues, and nervous tissues.
epithelial tissue
covers body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose of glands. (Protects, secretes, absorption, and excretion.)
connective tissues
widely spread throughout the body. (Binds, supports, protects, fills space, stores fats, produces blood cells, and stores energy.
Muscle
Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart. Movement (contraction)
Nervous
Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Conduct impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception.
endocrine glands
secrete hemosome into tissues fluid then the hormones.
exocrine glands
secrete into ducts that open onto a surface.
merocrine glands
Secrete fluid products by exocytosis; salivary and sweat glands, pancreas.
Apocrine glands
Lose small part of cell during secretion; mammary and ceruminous glands.
Holocrine glands
Release entire cells filled with product; sebaceous glands, so has to replace lost cells through mitosis.
Compact Bone
Osteoblasts deposit matrix in lamellae (layers)
Lamellae occur in rings around central canals.
Osteons
structural and function unit of compact bone;
Osteons comprised of many Osteocytes + matrix + central canal form cylindrical units called Osteocytes send out processes into canaliculi, and share blood supply
Osteons
Osteons are cemented together to form compact bone
Central canals contain blood vessels; bone is well-nourished, heals more quickly than cartilage
Spongy Bone
Makes up interior part of bone
Consists of bony plates containing osteocytes, with space between them for marrow
Lighter in weight than compact bone
4 types of tissue membrane
Serous membranes, Mucous membranes, Cutaneous membranes, Synovial membranes
Serous membranes
Line body cavities that do not open to outside of body.
Inner linings of thorax and abdomen; covers organs.
Simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
Secrete serous fluid for lubrication, reducing friction.
Pericardium surrounding heart, peritoneum in peritoneal cavity, pleura covering lungs
Mucous membranes
Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of body.
Lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
Goblet cells secrete mucus.
Cutaneous membranes
Covers body surface.
Commonly called skin (Epidermis and Dermis).
Part of integumentary system
Synovial membranes
Epithelial layer is not complete here.
Connective tissue complete.
Line freely moveable joint cavities.
Sebaceous Glands
Holocrine glands
Usually associated with hair follicles
Produce sebum, which consists of fatty material and cellular debris
Sebum keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof
Excess sebum can result in acne
Absent on palms and soles
Epiphysis
expanded end
Diaphysis
bone shaft
Articular cartilage
covers epiphysis
Periosteum
encloses bone; dense connective tissue
Compact (cortical) bone
wall of diaphysis
Spongy (cancellous) bone
makes up epiphyses
Trabeculae
branching bony plates, make up spongy bone
Medullary cavity
hollow chamber in diaphysis; contains marrow
Endosteum
Lines spaces of medullary cavity
