chapter 20-22 Flashcards
What are the organs of the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra.
What are the functions of the urinary system
to filter blood from the urine, transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, collect and store urine and to convey urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
what is the name of the main artery supplying to the kidneys?
afferent artery and the efferent artery.
what are the main veins supply to the kidneys?
renal vein.
what surrounds and protects the kidneys?
renal capsule.
what are the 3 regions of the kidneys?
- renal cortex
- renal medulla
- renal pelvis
structure of the kidneys?
has 3 regions.
has the major calyces and the minor calyces.
points towards the interior with the point to the center.
what is the function of the kidneys?
filters the blood from the urine.
what are the 2 types of nephrons?
the cortical nephron and the juxtamedullary.
what surrounds the glomerulus, that collects filtrated from the blood?
glomerular filtrate.
What is the name of the small artery in which blood travels as it enters the glomerulus?
Afferent arterioles.
what are the 3 steps that process of making urine?
- filtration
- reabsorption
3.secretion
what capillaries are associated with the process of urine?
glomerulus capillaries, and the peritubular capillaries.
what is nephritis?
inflammation of the nephrons.
what happens to filtration if the blood volume drops too low?
it will decrease the filtration.
filtrations is?
the first step in the urine process it filters the nephrons.
what is reabsorption?
it is the 2 steps in the urine process. it reabsorbed the needed stuff for the body after it has been filtered.
what is secretion?
it is the 3 steps in the urine process. it is the movement of substances from the blood stream to the filtrate. this is the excess stuff that is no longer needed in the body.
function of the urters?
transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
function of the urinary bladder?
collects and stores urine.
function of the urethra?
urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
what does the kidneys secret?
erythropoietin.
what is erthropoietin?
causes blood pressure to raise from calcitriol and vitamin D.
what is the renal cortex?
it is the outer region of the kidneys (cortical).
what is the renal medulla?
it is the inner region of the kidneys composed of renal pyraminds.
what is the renal pelvis?
it is a funnel shaped sac.
what is the major calyces?
it is the larger tube that merges to the renal pelvis.
what is the minor calyces?
it is the smaller tube that merges to form the major calyces.
function of the nephron?
sites the urine production.
what is glomerulus?
it is the site of blood filtration in the kidneys.
what are the 2 fluids compartments from chapter?
intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.
what are the seperate division of the extracellular compartments?
transcellular fluid.
Which mechanisms ordinarily regulate electrolyte concentrations?
the kidneys
Name the 3 chemical buffer systems in the body.
- bicarbonate
- phosphate
- proteins
what is respiratory acidosis?
the increase of the C02 and H2C)3 in the blood levels.
what is metabolic acidosis?
accumulation of other acids and bases, decreased the excretion of acids.
what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
- follicular phase
- luteal phase
how long does it take for a primordium follicle to mature?
300-350 day
what are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
- menstrual phase
- proliferative phase
- secretory phase
what is menarche?
it is the 1st reproductive cycle.
what is menopause?
the stopping of the menstruation cycle. stops produces estrogen and progesterone.
what is gametogenesis?
process of producing gametes (sperm and ova).
what is Spermatogenesis?
formation of sperm cells.
what is Oogenesis?
process of production of an oocyte, beginning at puberty.
what is diploid?
two complete sets of chromosomes.
what is haloid?
single set of unpaired chromosomes.
