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A&P > chapter 8-11 > Flashcards

chapter 8-11 Flashcards

1
Q

which joint would likely exhibit circumduction?

A

shoulder

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2
Q

joints are classified by?

A

function and structure

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3
Q

most joints are?

A

synovial

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4
Q

rotation is defined as?

A

moving a part around an axis (in a circle).

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5
Q

functions of joints are?

A

make bones grow and permit parts of the skeleton to change during childbirth.

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6
Q

the functional unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue is the?

A

sarcomere

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7
Q

muscle is attached to bone by?

A

tendons

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8
Q

in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers calcium joints bind to?

A

troponin

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9
Q

smooth muscle tissue is found primarily in?

A

the wall of hollow organs

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10
Q

the functions of the muscular systems are?

A

movement of food, solid waste and urine, and movement, of the body.

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11
Q

muscle ONLY?

A

PULL!!! they never push

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12
Q

the part of the nerves cell that transmits impulses away from the cell body is the?

A

axons

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13
Q

what are the parts of all neurons?

A

cell body, dendrites and axon.

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14
Q

what is the same of the chemicals in synaptic vesicles at the axon terminal that allows electricals impulses to move from one neuron to another?

A

neurotransmitters

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15
Q

immediately after a neuron is stimulated the membrane is?

A

depolarized

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16
Q

the central nervous system is?

A

the brain and spinal cord.

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17
Q

the two types of nervous tissues are?

A

neuroglia and neurons

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18
Q

what are the parts of the CNS?

A

spinal cord and the brain

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19
Q

what are the parts of the PNS?

A

cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.

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20
Q

what are the general function of the nervous system?

A

sending commands to the effectors, coronating Info and making decisions, detecting change internally and externally, and receiving Info.

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21
Q

afferent neurons carry information to effectors?

A

false

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22
Q

fibrous

A

held together by dense connective tissues. thin layer of connective tissue. connects bones.

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23
Q

cartilaginous

A

held together by cartilage. connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

24
Q

synovial

A

have a complex structure. between bones.

25
Q

synarthrotic

A

immovable

26
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly moveable

27
Q

diarthrotic

A

freely moveable

28
Q

ball and socket joints

A

round head in cup shaped cavity. widest range of motion (hips and shoulders)

29
Q

hinge joints.

A

convex surface fit into concave surfaces of other bones. (elbow, joints between phalanges).

30
Q

origin

A

relatively fixed end of the skeletal muscle

31
Q

insertion

A

more moveable end of the skeletal muscle.

32
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attached to bone of skeleton. it is voluntary.

33
Q

cardiac muscle

A

makes up most of the wall of the heart. it is involuntary.

34
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in the walls of the internal organs. it is involuntary.

35
Q

functions of the musclar system

A

helps maintain boy temp, allows body parts of move, helps with posture and pumping action of the heart.

36
Q

fascia

A

thin covering of connective tissue around the muscle.

37
Q

tendon

A

cord like mass of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

38
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet like mass of connective tissue that connects a muscle to bone, skin and another muscle.

39
Q

neurons

A

(nerve cells) respond quickly to change. conduct nervous impulse through neurotransmitters.

40
Q

neuroglia

A

protect, support, insulate and nourish neurons.

41
Q

sensory division (afferent)

A

impulse are conducted along PNS TO CNS for integration.

42
Q

motor division (efferent)

A

neurons that transmit impulses FROM CNS to effectors performed motor function.

43
Q

4 types of neuroglia of the CNS

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependyma or ependymal cells.

44
Q

meninges

A

membrane that protects brain and spinal cord. between bone and soft tissues of nervous system.

45
Q

neural centers

A

coordinating muscular movement. regulating visceral activates.

46
Q

I olfactory

A

sensory fibers conducting impulses associated with the sense of smell.

47
Q

II optic

A

sensory fibers conducting impulse associated with vision.

48
Q

III oculomotor

A

PRIMARY motor fiber conducting muscle that raise the eyelids move the eye, adjust the amount of light entering the eye.

49
Q

IV trochlear

A

motor fiber conducts impulses to muscle that move eyes.

50
Q

V trigeminal ophthalmic division

A

mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of the eyes, tears, scalp fibers forehead and upper eye libs, upper teeth, upper gums, upper lips, linning of the palate and skin of the face
motor fibers conduct impulse to the muscle of mastication and to muscle in the floor of the mouth.

51
Q

VI abducens

A

motor fibers conduct impulse to the muscle to move the eyes.

52
Q

VII facial

A

mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulse associated with the taste receptors.
motor fibers conduct impulse to muscle of facial expressions.

53
Q

VIII vestibulocochlear

A

sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the equilibrium. (hearing).

54
Q

IX glossopharyngeal

A

mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulse from the pharynx, tonsil, posterior tongue and carotid arteries
motor fibers conduct impulse to the salivary glands and to muscle of the pharynx used to swallowing.

55
Q

X vagus

A

mixed. sensory fiber conduct impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus and viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
motor fiber conduct impulses to muscle associated with speech and swallowing.

56
Q

XI accessory cranial branch spinal branch

A

motor fibers conduct impulse to solf palate pharynx and larynx. (neck and back).

57
Q

XII hypoglossal

A

motor fibers conduct impulse to muscle that move the tongue.

A&P (17 decks)

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