chapter 8-11 Flashcards
which joint would likely exhibit circumduction?
shoulder
joints are classified by?
function and structure
most joints are?
synovial
rotation is defined as?
moving a part around an axis (in a circle).
functions of joints are?
make bones grow and permit parts of the skeleton to change during childbirth.
the functional unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue is the?
sarcomere
muscle is attached to bone by?
tendons
in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers calcium joints bind to?
troponin
smooth muscle tissue is found primarily in?
the wall of hollow organs
the functions of the muscular systems are?
movement of food, solid waste and urine, and movement, of the body.
muscle ONLY?
PULL!!! they never push
the part of the nerves cell that transmits impulses away from the cell body is the?
axons
what are the parts of all neurons?
cell body, dendrites and axon.
what is the same of the chemicals in synaptic vesicles at the axon terminal that allows electricals impulses to move from one neuron to another?
neurotransmitters
immediately after a neuron is stimulated the membrane is?
depolarized
the central nervous system is?
the brain and spinal cord.
the two types of nervous tissues are?
neuroglia and neurons
what are the parts of the CNS?
spinal cord and the brain
what are the parts of the PNS?
cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.
what are the general function of the nervous system?
sending commands to the effectors, coronating Info and making decisions, detecting change internally and externally, and receiving Info.
afferent neurons carry information to effectors?
false
fibrous
held together by dense connective tissues. thin layer of connective tissue. connects bones.
cartilaginous
held together by cartilage. connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
synovial
have a complex structure. between bones.
synarthrotic
immovable
amphiarthrotic
slightly moveable
diarthrotic
freely moveable
ball and socket joints
round head in cup shaped cavity. widest range of motion (hips and shoulders)
hinge joints.
convex surface fit into concave surfaces of other bones. (elbow, joints between phalanges).
origin
relatively fixed end of the skeletal muscle
insertion
more moveable end of the skeletal muscle.
skeletal muscle
attached to bone of skeleton. it is voluntary.
cardiac muscle
makes up most of the wall of the heart. it is involuntary.
smooth muscle
found in the walls of the internal organs. it is involuntary.
functions of the musclar system
helps maintain boy temp, allows body parts of move, helps with posture and pumping action of the heart.
fascia
thin covering of connective tissue around the muscle.
tendon
cord like mass of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
aponeurosis
sheet like mass of connective tissue that connects a muscle to bone, skin and another muscle.
neurons
(nerve cells) respond quickly to change. conduct nervous impulse through neurotransmitters.
neuroglia
protect, support, insulate and nourish neurons.
sensory division (afferent)
impulse are conducted along PNS TO CNS for integration.
motor division (efferent)
neurons that transmit impulses FROM CNS to effectors performed motor function.
4 types of neuroglia of the CNS
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependyma or ependymal cells.
meninges
membrane that protects brain and spinal cord. between bone and soft tissues of nervous system.
neural centers
coordinating muscular movement. regulating visceral activates.
I olfactory
sensory fibers conducting impulses associated with the sense of smell.
II optic
sensory fibers conducting impulse associated with vision.
III oculomotor
PRIMARY motor fiber conducting muscle that raise the eyelids move the eye, adjust the amount of light entering the eye.
IV trochlear
motor fiber conducts impulses to muscle that move eyes.
V trigeminal ophthalmic division
mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of the eyes, tears, scalp fibers forehead and upper eye libs, upper teeth, upper gums, upper lips, linning of the palate and skin of the face
motor fibers conduct impulse to the muscle of mastication and to muscle in the floor of the mouth.
VI abducens
motor fibers conduct impulse to the muscle to move the eyes.
VII facial
mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulse associated with the taste receptors.
motor fibers conduct impulse to muscle of facial expressions.
VIII vestibulocochlear
sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the equilibrium. (hearing).
IX glossopharyngeal
mixed. sensory fibers conduct impulse from the pharynx, tonsil, posterior tongue and carotid arteries
motor fibers conduct impulse to the salivary glands and to muscle of the pharynx used to swallowing.
X vagus
mixed. sensory fiber conduct impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus and viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
motor fiber conduct impulses to muscle associated with speech and swallowing.
XI accessory cranial branch spinal branch
motor fibers conduct impulse to solf palate pharynx and larynx. (neck and back).
XII hypoglossal
motor fibers conduct impulse to muscle that move the tongue.
