chapter 14-16 Flashcards
what are the two parts of whole blood?
formed elements and plasma.
the correct order of stages occurring during homeostasis is?
a vascular spasm, platelet, plug formation, and blood coagulation.
where are the antigens responsible for the ABO blood grouping founded?
in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.
what is hematocrit?
percentage of erythrocytes.
the purpose of a differential blood count is?
to determine the number percentage of the 5 different types of leukocytes.
what is the molecule in erythrocytes that bind oxygen?
hemoglobin.
which leukocyte is most abundant, a first responder and a strong phagocyte that dies about 20-30 minutes after reaching trauma area?
neutrophil.
what are the function of blood?
to defend against diseases, to transport hormones and to transport nutrients and waste.
which plasm protein is changed from an inactive soluble from to an insoluble sticky form by thrombin in the 3rn phase of hemostasis?
fibrinogen.
what is the average life span of red blood cells?
120 days.
which blood group antigens are found on both on the surfaces of red blood cells of the type 0+ blood.
Rh antigens.
which blood type is the universal donor?
0-
which of the following is part of the blood plasma?
albumins.
which are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin?
biliverdin and bilirubin.
which leukocytes are granulocytes?
basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils.
what are cells fragments to become platelets?
megakaryocytes.
what is the definition of anemia?
condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced.
the process for the formation of RBC is called?
erythropoiesis.
where are most plasma proteins made?
the liver.
what is the stem cell of all formed elements in the blood?
hemocytoblast.
diapedesis may occur in?
all leukocytes.
what are the 3 groups of plasma proteins?
albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.
which blood cell is most numerous in the circulatory?
RBCs.
what is the largest component of plasma?
water.
in order from right atrium trace the pathway of the pulmonary circuit.
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary trunk
left and right pulmonary arteries.
pulmonary capillaries
left and right pulmonary veins
left atrium.
which of the following are parts of the conductance system of the heart?
SA node, AV bundle (bundle of his) and the Purkinje fibers.
which are organs if the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels.
the primary pacemaker of the heart is?
the sinoatrial node.
which is the deepest layer of the pericardium?
visceral pericardium (epicardium).
A heart murmur may be caused by?
a hole in either one or both interatrial or interventricular septum’s and incomplete closure of the valves.
the mass of cardiac muscle cell that act together to contract at the same time is called?
syncytium.
the cardiac cycle may be influenced by?
physical exertion.
what two evemts occur during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram?
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization.
blood pressure is defined as?
the force exerted by blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels.
what factor aid in the return of venous blood to the heart?
contraction of the skeletal muscle.
the main blood vessel that supply oxygen rich/oxygenated blood to the heart cell is known as?
the coronary arteries.
the first heart sound is the?
the closing of the AV (tricuspid and bicuspid valves).
the cardiac cycle refers to the event that occurs during a heartbeat?
True.
lymph vessels are known to contain ___________ just like veins in the cardiovascular system.
valves.
where do immature T cells go to mature?
the thymus.
which lymphatic organ filters blood instead of lymph?
the spleen.
which innate (nonspecific) defense involves intact skin and intact mucous membranes?
inflammation.
being exposed to a pathogen, contracting the diseases and then recovering would be which type of immunity?
naturally acquired active immunity.
what would be the type if condition when your immune system attacks your own tissues?
autoimmune disease.
which of the following descriptions describes a secondary immune response?
rapid response of very low antibodies in plasma.
which is the function of the lymphatic/immune system?
defends the body against disease and transports excess fluid from peripheral tissue back to the cardiovascular system.
the thoracic duct drains?
the whole body except for the right arm/shoulder, right thoracic region, and the right side of the head and neck.
to joint cardiovascular system, the lymph ducts empty directly into the_______?
left and right subclavian veins.
lymph nodes contain which leukocytes?
T and B lymphocytes and macrophages.
the cellular immunity is carried out by which leukocyte that reacts directly by cell to cell contact to destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells are?
cytotoxic T cells.
where might one find the major cluster of lymph nodes in the human body?
the axillary region, the cervical region, the inguinal region and the thoracic region.
which category of T lymphocytes secret chemicals that activate T cells and B cells?
T helper cells.
humoral immunity is a function of which antibody producing cell?
B cells.
which lymphocytes provide long term immunity?
memory T cells and memory B cells.
which are organs of the lymphatic system?
spleen, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and the thymus.
