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A&P > chapter 14-16 > Flashcards

chapter 14-16 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two parts of whole blood?

A

formed elements and plasma.

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2
Q

the correct order of stages occurring during homeostasis is?

A

a vascular spasm, platelet, plug formation, and blood coagulation.

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3
Q

where are the antigens responsible for the ABO blood grouping founded?

A

in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.

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4
Q

what is hematocrit?

A

percentage of erythrocytes.

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5
Q

the purpose of a differential blood count is?

A

to determine the number percentage of the 5 different types of leukocytes.

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6
Q

what is the molecule in erythrocytes that bind oxygen?

A

hemoglobin.

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7
Q

which leukocyte is most abundant, a first responder and a strong phagocyte that dies about 20-30 minutes after reaching trauma area?

A

neutrophil.

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8
Q

what are the function of blood?

A

to defend against diseases, to transport hormones and to transport nutrients and waste.

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9
Q

which plasm protein is changed from an inactive soluble from to an insoluble sticky form by thrombin in the 3rn phase of hemostasis?

A

fibrinogen.

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10
Q

what is the average life span of red blood cells?

A

120 days.

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11
Q

which blood group antigens are found on both on the surfaces of red blood cells of the type 0+ blood.

A

Rh antigens.

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12
Q

which blood type is the universal donor?

A

0-

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13
Q

which of the following is part of the blood plasma?

A

albumins.

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14
Q

which are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin?

A

biliverdin and bilirubin.

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15
Q

which leukocytes are granulocytes?

A

basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils.

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16
Q

what are cells fragments to become platelets?

A

megakaryocytes.

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17
Q

what is the definition of anemia?

A

condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced.

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18
Q

the process for the formation of RBC is called?

A

erythropoiesis.

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19
Q

where are most plasma proteins made?

A

the liver.

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20
Q

what is the stem cell of all formed elements in the blood?

A

hemocytoblast.

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21
Q

diapedesis may occur in?

A

all leukocytes.

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22
Q

what are the 3 groups of plasma proteins?

A

albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

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23
Q

which blood cell is most numerous in the circulatory?

A

RBCs.

24
Q

what is the largest component of plasma?

A

water.

25
Q

in order from right atrium trace the pathway of the pulmonary circuit.

A

right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary trunk
left and right pulmonary arteries.
pulmonary capillaries
left and right pulmonary veins
left atrium.

26
Q

which of the following are parts of the conductance system of the heart?

A

SA node, AV bundle (bundle of his) and the Purkinje fibers.

27
Q

which are organs if the cardiovascular system?

A

heart and blood vessels.

28
Q

the primary pacemaker of the heart is?

A

the sinoatrial node.

29
Q

which is the deepest layer of the pericardium?

A

visceral pericardium (epicardium).

30
Q

A heart murmur may be caused by?

A

a hole in either one or both interatrial or interventricular septum’s and incomplete closure of the valves.

31
Q

the mass of cardiac muscle cell that act together to contract at the same time is called?

A

syncytium.

32
Q

the cardiac cycle may be influenced by?

A

physical exertion.

33
Q

what two evemts occur during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram?

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization.

34
Q

blood pressure is defined as?

A

the force exerted by blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels.

35
Q

what factor aid in the return of venous blood to the heart?

A

contraction of the skeletal muscle.

36
Q

the main blood vessel that supply oxygen rich/oxygenated blood to the heart cell is known as?

A

the coronary arteries.

37
Q

the first heart sound is the?

A

the closing of the AV (tricuspid and bicuspid valves).

38
Q

the cardiac cycle refers to the event that occurs during a heartbeat?

A

True.

39
Q

lymph vessels are known to contain ___________ just like veins in the cardiovascular system.

A

valves.

40
Q

where do immature T cells go to mature?

A

the thymus.

41
Q

which lymphatic organ filters blood instead of lymph?

A

the spleen.

42
Q

which innate (nonspecific) defense involves intact skin and intact mucous membranes?

A

inflammation.

43
Q

being exposed to a pathogen, contracting the diseases and then recovering would be which type of immunity?

A

naturally acquired active immunity.

44
Q

what would be the type if condition when your immune system attacks your own tissues?

A

autoimmune disease.

45
Q

which of the following descriptions describes a secondary immune response?

A

rapid response of very low antibodies in plasma.

46
Q

which is the function of the lymphatic/immune system?

A

defends the body against disease and transports excess fluid from peripheral tissue back to the cardiovascular system.

47
Q

the thoracic duct drains?

A

the whole body except for the right arm/shoulder, right thoracic region, and the right side of the head and neck.

48
Q

to joint cardiovascular system, the lymph ducts empty directly into the_______?

A

left and right subclavian veins.

49
Q

lymph nodes contain which leukocytes?

A

T and B lymphocytes and macrophages.

50
Q

the cellular immunity is carried out by which leukocyte that reacts directly by cell to cell contact to destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells are?

A

cytotoxic T cells.

51
Q

where might one find the major cluster of lymph nodes in the human body?

A

the axillary region, the cervical region, the inguinal region and the thoracic region.

52
Q

which category of T lymphocytes secret chemicals that activate T cells and B cells?

A

T helper cells.

53
Q

humoral immunity is a function of which antibody producing cell?

A

B cells.

54
Q

which lymphocytes provide long term immunity?

A

memory T cells and memory B cells.

55
Q

which are organs of the lymphatic system?

A

spleen, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and the thymus.

A&P (17 decks)

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