Herpes & HPV Flashcards
cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a protypical member of
betaherpesvirus
this herpes type is characterized by variable host range, short replication cycle, rapid culture spread, efficient cell destruction, sensory ganglia latency
alphaherpesvirus
this herpes type is characterized by restricted host range, long replication cycle, slow growth in culture, CYTOMEGLIA, latency in a variety of tissues
betaherpesvirus
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prototypical member of
gammaherpesvirus
this herpes type targets T & B lymphocytes, causes lytic infections, restricted host range, lymphoid tissue latency
gammaherpesvirus
Burkett’s lymphoma
EBV (gammaherpesvirus) associated carcinoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
EBV present in majority of tumors
which herpes virus does not have an innate antiviral host response
EBV
persist in hematopoietic progenitor cells and macrophages in vitro ; common persistent infection (not latency)
CMV
persistence of genome in memory B cells ; virus proteins ensure B cell proliferation and ___ genome replication
EBV
Role of antiviral therapy
inhibit viral genome replication
T/F? antiviral therapy ideal treatment for EBV induced lymphoproliferation
false
why is antiviral therapy not effective for EBV induced lymphoproliferation
act to inhibit viral genome replication but genome replication not essential for viral genome expression
genome for all herpes viruses and HPV
dsDNA
virion type for all herpesvirus
enveloped
virion type for HPV
non-enveloped
HPV proteins
L1 - cell attachment
L2 - membrane protection
how does HPV gain access?
abrasion of the skin
where does HPV establish infection ?
basal layer
required for HPV genome replication
cell polymerase
HPV releases a (lytic/non lytic) virus?
non lytic
HPV infection caused by
direct skin-skin contact - abrasions
fomites
mucous membranes more susceptible
rare complication of HPV
respiratory papillomatosis
HPV oncogenesis
cervical cancer
virus replication requires actively replicating cells
block tumor suppressor pathway and retinoblastoma protein for continued cell proliferation
antiviral therapy
block specific steps in virus life cycle
must be active against replication but not cell function to reduce toxicity
resistance common
antivirals preventing entry
enfuvirtide (HIV)
amantadine & rimantadine (influenza)
antivirals preventing genome replication
nucleoside analogs acyclovir, gancyclovir, valgancyclovir Ribavirin Foscarnet Nucleoside inhibitors of HIV & HBV
why is gancyclovir more toxic?
effective against CMV but interferes with cellular kinase
antivirals preventing viral proteases
ritonavir
foscarnet MOA
herpesvirus
prevents viral polymerase activity
IV admin, toxic
ribavirin MOA
nucleoside inhibitor of RNA viruses
inhibits polymerase or lower GTP in cell
impairs mRNA capping
ritonavir MOA
blocks virus polypeptide cleaving
boosts activity of other protease inhibitors
maturation of progeny viruses often requires
cleavage of viral polypeptide
acyclovir specificity depends on
virus thymadine kinase (TK)
antiviral challenges
bioavailability
specificity
toxicity
natural antivirals
interferons
more effective against RNA viruses
one cell affected transmits resistance
practice of introducing immunity to a pathogen
vaccination
administration of a pathogenic agent to induce antibodies or cell-mediated immunity
active immunization
administration of exogenously produced antibodies
passive immunization
what type of polio vaccine is used in the us?
killed because polio rate in the US is so low
important immune cell types in vaccines
B cells
CD8 T cells
CD4 T cells
B cell only vaccines
pneumonococcal
HIB
B and T cell vaccines
influenza
polio
oral typhoid
