Childhood Viral Diseases

Question 1

Measles mode of transmission:

Answer 1

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Question 2

measles incubation period

Answer 2

10-14 days

Question 3

Symptom onset of measles coincides with:

Answer 3

second round of virus replication ; LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, spleen

Question 4

measles primary viremia

Answer 4

primary infection in respiratory epithelium

Question 5

measles secondary viremia

Answer 5

sx onset in lymph nodes, lungs, spleen, tonsils, GI tract

Question 6

Measles rash -

Answer 6

Koplik spots

Virus and immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial tissues

Question 7

Complications of measles

Answer 7

Immune suppresion & opportunistic infections
Blindness in VitA deficient children
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Question 8

Immune suppression in measles occurs because

Answer 8

interference with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

Question 9

Measles diagnosis

Answer 9

2-3 days fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
Koplik spots
Viral isolation in culture (difficult) 
Serology 
ELISA, PCR

Question 10

Koplik spots

Answer 10

small, bright red spots with blue centers on buccal mucosa

Question 11

T/F? Measles is one of the most contagious diseases known

Answer 11

true; people are infectious 2-3 days before rash

Question 12

Measles prevention

Answer 12

vaccine. lifelong immunity, live attenuated vaccine, safe.

Question 13

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) characteristicsg

Answer 13

replication limited to respiratory tract
inhalation of aerosol, fomites
no animal reservoir

Question 14

T/F? Once you’ve had RSV you have lifelong immunity

Answer 14

False; does not yield lifelong immunity

Question 15

Why doesn’t a RSV infection yield lifelong immunity?

Answer 15

infants have immature immune system
infection limited to respiratory tract epithelium where IgA response is short lived
low cytotoxicity = slow immune response

Question 16

These populations are at higher risk for severe RSV

Answer 16

premature birth
male
second hand smoke
formula fed

Question 17

RSV prevention

Answer 17

no antivirals
no vaccine
passive immunoprophylaxis - Palivizumab

Question 18

Palivizumab acts by:

Answer 18

passive immunoprophylaxis to RSV
humanized monoclonal antibody
targets fusion protein that creates sycytia
IM injection once a month

Question 19

RSV replication

Answer 19

infects ciliated cells in respiratory tract epithelium
fusion “F” protein creates syncytia
virus buds from cell surface

Question 20

Varicella Zoster replication

Answer 20

replication in cell
active cell - replication
resting cell - latent infection
infects neighboring cells first

Question 21

Chickenpox contraction

Answer 21

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Question 22

chickenpox incubation period

Answer 22

10-21 days

Question 23

chickenpox symptoms

Answer 23

fever, malaise, headache
rash 1-2 after symptom onset
recovery usually 2 weeks after sx onset

Question 24

chickenpox rash

Answer 24

starts 1-2 days after symptom onset
lasts 3-6 days
rash primarily on scalp, face, trunk

Question 25

what type of immunity is most important in chickenpox virus?

Answer 25

cell mediated

Question 26

What is shingles?

Answer 26

Chickenpox virus establishes latent infection that can later be reactivated as shingles

Question 27

Chickenpox prevention

Answer 27

vaccination - lifelong immunity (live attenuated)

antivirals - acyclovir

Question 28

Acyclovir MOA for chickenpox prevention

Answer 28

antiviral
interferes with genome replication
*can’t eliminate latent virus, doesn’t prevent infection of cells

Question 29

Poliovirus replication and spread

Answer 29

replication in cell
virus particle creates pore in cell membrane
genome serves as mRNA

Question 30

How is polio contracted?

Answer 30

ingestion of material containing virus

Question 31

primary replication of poliovirus

Answer 31

peyer’s patches of small intestine

minor viremia

Question 32

secondary replication of poliovirus

Answer 32

major viremia

Question 33

This virus is characterized by fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks

Answer 33

poliovirus

Question 34

implications of CNS involvement in poliovirus

Answer 34

virus replicates in gray matter or brain and SC
anterior horn damage = limb paralysis
medulla oblongata damage = respiratory paralysis

Question 35

risk factors for CNS involvement in poliovirus

Answer 35

physical exertion
trauma
tonsillectomy

Question 36

Poliovirus prevention

Answer 36

Vaccine (2 options) - live attenuated and killed

No animal reservoir

Question 37

Rotavirus replication and spread

Answer 37

replication in cell
membrane disruption
genome never exposed

Question 38

Rotavirus spread

Answer 38

ingestion of material containing virus

Question 39

Rotavirus incubation period

Answer 39

2 days - vomiting & fever

Question 40

Rotavirus symptoms

Answer 40

diarrhea a few days after vomiting
lasts for 3-8 days
viral shedding weeks before sx onset & days after recovery

Question 41

severe disease in Rotavirus is most common in which population

Answer 41

6-24 months old

Question 42

Rotavirus diagnosis

Answer 42

antigens in stool

Question 43

Rotavirus prevention

Answer 43

Infant vaccines (2 options) given at @ 2, 4, 6 months
no antivirals
hygiene

Question 44

Rotavirus treatment

Answer 44

oral rehydration

Question 45

These two childhood viruses are Paramyxoviruses

Answer 45

Measles and RSV

Question 46

These childhood viruses have genome: (-)ssRNA

Answer 46

measles, RSV

Question 47

Genome: dsDNA

Answer 47

Varicella Zoster

Question 48

Genome: dsRNA

Answer 48

Rotavirus

Question 49

Genome (+)ssRNA

Answer 49

Poliovirus

Question 50

Which childhood viruses have a non-envoloped virion?

Answer 50

Poliovirus and Rotavirus

Question 51

Alphaherpesvirus

Answer 51

Varicella Zoster Virus

Question 52

Picomavirus

Answer 52

Poliovirus

Question 53

Reoviridae

Answer 53

Rotavirus

Question 54

Which virus has 11 segments of genome?

Answer 54

Rotavirus