Heresies Flashcards
We, __________________ the Emperors… are of the opinion that among the various things which could profit men… was to be found the cultivation of religion; we should therefore give both the Christians and to all others the free facility to follow the religion…”
Constantine and Licinus
On 11 May 330, two months before his 25th anniversary as Augustus, he dedicated the new capital___________.
Constantinople
He forbade the offering of sacrifices in the pagan temples that had been erected there. There was to be no idolatrous worship and no pagan festival.
Constantine
While the Christians, who only consisted __________ of the empire’s population at that time, were enjoying full imperial vindication in the practice of their worship.
one-fifth (1/5)
a priest at Alexandria
Arius
Jesus Christ (The Son)
is God’s foremost creature and creator of all the others, but He is not of the substance of God the Father and not eternal
Arius/ Arianism
Jesus is a creature, created in time by the Father and then used by the Father in the creation of the world
Arius/ Arianism
Jesus was neither God nor a human being. Rather, he was less than God but more than human. He was a kind of composite_______ being.
intermediary
Arianism
If he Jesus Christ was “very God.” how could he be “true man?
Apollinarianism
of Laodicea
Apollinaris
“denied the full humanity of Jesus saying that the rational soul in him had been replaced by the divine Logos.”
Apollinaris
making Jesus “incapable of sin because he did not have a human soul which was capable of sin and error.”
Apollinaris
patriarch of Constantinople
Nestorius
“divided the two natures in Christ, one divine and the other human and each has its own personal manifestation
Nestorius
conceded that she [Mary] was Christ-bearer (Christotokos) but not the “Mother of God” (Theotokos) as it was “called by both Origen and Eusebius of Caesarea.
Nestorius
Christ-bearer
Christotokos
Mother of God
Theotokos
a monk from Constantinople
Eutyches
asserted that, although there were 2 natures before the union of the Incarnation, there resulted only 1 nature, the divine, after the union.
Eutyches
Christ’s human nature was completely absorbed by the divine nature.
Monophysitism
the doctrine of one nature in Christ.
Monophysitism
Monophysitism also known as
Eutuchianism
Gnosticism is derived from the Greek term gnosis which means ________.
knowledge
claimed to have a special, salvific type of knowledge.
Gnostics
proclaimed its teaching, its rites and practices to be divinely revealed and have been transmitted and preserved through some mysterious tradition.
Gnosticism
They viewed the world of matter as evil and the spirit alone is good.
Gnostics
Thus, human body, since its is a matter, is defiled and evil
Gnostics
Even marriage for them is evil due to the mortal bodily desires that accompany with it, like person’s sexual desires and pleasures.
Gnostics
the bodily resurrection of Jesus was denied by the Gnostics.
Gnostics
They claimed that their dualism explained the origin of evil far better than the Christian view.
Gnostics
In terms of practice and doctrine, the ________ truly differed and came to a point of conflict with Christianity.
Their numbers increased due to determinism which claimed that small elect minority (______) are assured of salvation.
Gnostics
For_______ there were two Gods, the lesser of whom was the creator of the visible world. It is this god, Demiurge, who jealous of his own created man, expelled him from Paradise and so began the history of human sin and misery.
Marcion
Salvation is from the good God, who sent Jesus Christ to save men from the bond of the Demiurge, and was himself really God but man in appearance only, for matter was essentially evil, and so He cannot take on a real body.
Marcionism
He was an advocate of a loving God but he cannot simply reconcile the “vindictive God” of the Old Testament, based on his own interpretation.
Marcion
Eventually, he found himself deviating from the true teaching of the Church.
Marcion
He equated the God of the Old Testament as undeserving to be God because of the wars and conflicts that were recorded in his name.
Marcion
He also formulated his own canon of scriptures that excluded the whole Old Testament.
Marcion
Made an important mark in the history of the Church when its leader, Montanus (135 A.D.), claimed a special inspiration from the Holy Spirit.
Montanism
Montanus, in_______, proclaimed to his fellow Christians, with ecstatic behavior and strange, obscure language, that he was the mouthpiece and prophet of the Holy Spirit.
Phrygia
claimed that through him, to lead the Church to all truth.
Montanus
At first it was received with some doubts but later two women Priscilla and Maximillia joined him in uttering prophecies.
Montanus
After these series of prophesies, Montanus promised his adherents a higher place in the approaching heavenly Jerusalem, then a wave of enthusiasm swept all hesitations.
In the year 200, Montanism was condemned by_________________, putting a gradual end of the movement.
Pope Zephyrinus
Was founded by______ (216-276)
a Persian priest who had the deliberate plan to unite in a new religion the best elements of the old.
Mani
Manichaeism
He retained the ascetical practice of Gnosticism and its attitude on matters of evil.
Manicheanism
He preached that there is a fundamental battle between good and evil, with opposing forces struggling for the souls of humans.
Manicheanism
He claimed that all great religious teachers, Jesus included, had come to teach people about the world of light, and how they might struggle toward it, by ascetical practices such as celibacy and vegetarianism
Manicheanism
Manicheanism rose to greater prominence when it won _____________ of Hippo as one of their members.
Saint Augustin
But Augustine’s conversion to Christian faith turned him into an ultimate adversary of_________ and the great defender of Christian practice and doctrine.
Manicheanism
