Heresies

Question 1

We, __________________ the Emperors… are of the opinion that among the various things which could profit men… was to be found the cultivation of religion; we should therefore give both the Christians and to all others the free facility to follow the religion…”

Answer 1

Constantine and Licinus

Question 2

On 11 May 330, two months before his 25th anniversary as Augustus, he dedicated the new capital___________.

Answer 2

Constantinople

Question 3

He forbade the offering of sacrifices in the pagan temples that had been erected there. There was to be no idolatrous worship and no pagan festival.

Answer 3

Constantine

Question 4

While the Christians, who only consisted __________ of the empire’s population at that time, were enjoying full imperial vindication in the practice of their worship.

Answer 4

one-fifth (1/5)

Question 5

a priest at Alexandria

Answer 5

Arius

Question 6

Jesus Christ (The Son)
is God’s foremost creature and creator of all the others, but He is not of the substance of God the Father and not eternal

Answer 6

Arius/ Arianism

Question 7

Jesus is a creature, created in time by the Father and then used by the Father in the creation of the world

Answer 7

Arius/ Arianism

Question 8

Jesus was neither God nor a human being. Rather, he was less than God but more than human. He was a kind of composite_______ being.

Answer 8

intermediary

Arianism

Question 9

If he Jesus Christ was “very God.” how could he be “true man?

Answer 9

Apollinarianism

Question 10

of Laodicea

Answer 10

Apollinaris

Question 11

“denied the full humanity of Jesus saying that the rational soul in him had been replaced by the divine Logos.”

Answer 11

Apollinaris

Question 12

making Jesus “incapable of sin because he did not have a human soul which was capable of sin and error.”

Answer 12

Apollinaris

Question 13

patriarch of Constantinople

Answer 13

Nestorius

Question 14

“divided the two natures in Christ, one divine and the other human and each has its own personal manifestation

Answer 14

Nestorius

Question 15

conceded that she [Mary] was Christ-bearer (Christotokos) but not the “Mother of God” (Theotokos) as it was “called by both Origen and Eusebius of Caesarea.

Answer 15

Nestorius

Question 16

Christ-bearer

Answer 16

Christotokos

Question 17

Mother of God

Answer 17

Theotokos

Question 18

a monk from Constantinople

Answer 18

Eutyches

Question 19

asserted that, although there were 2 natures before the union of the Incarnation, there resulted only 1 nature, the divine, after the union.

Answer 19

Eutyches

Question 20

Christ’s human nature was completely absorbed by the divine nature.

Answer 20

Monophysitism

Question 21

the doctrine of one nature in Christ.

Answer 21

Monophysitism

Question 22

Monophysitism also known as

Answer 22

Eutuchianism

Question 23

Gnosticism is derived from the Greek term gnosis which means ________.

Answer 23

knowledge

Question 24

claimed to have a special, salvific type of knowledge.

Answer 24

Gnostics

Question 25

proclaimed its teaching, its rites and practices to be divinely revealed and have been transmitted and preserved through some mysterious tradition.

Answer 25

Gnosticism

Question 26

They viewed the world of matter as evil and the spirit alone is good.

Answer 26

Gnostics

Question 27

Thus, human body, since its is a matter, is defiled and evil

Answer 27

Gnostics

Question 28

Even marriage for them is evil due to the mortal bodily desires that accompany with it, like person’s sexual desires and pleasures.

Answer 28

Gnostics

Question 29

the bodily resurrection of Jesus was denied by the Gnostics.

Answer 29

Gnostics

Question 30

They claimed that their dualism explained the origin of evil far better than the Christian view.

Answer 30

Gnostics

Question 31

In terms of practice and doctrine, the ________ truly differed and came to a point of conflict with Christianity.
Their numbers increased due to determinism which claimed that small elect minority (______) are assured of salvation.

Answer 31

Gnostics

Question 32

For_______ there were two Gods, the lesser of whom was the creator of the visible world. It is this god, Demiurge, who jealous of his own created man, expelled him from Paradise and so began the history of human sin and misery.

Answer 32

Marcion

Question 33

Salvation is from the good God, who sent Jesus Christ to save men from the bond of the Demiurge, and was himself really God but man in appearance only, for matter was essentially evil, and so He cannot take on a real body.

Answer 33

Marcionism

Question 34

He was an advocate of a loving God but he cannot simply reconcile the “vindictive God” of the Old Testament, based on his own interpretation.

Answer 34

Marcion

Question 35

Eventually, he found himself deviating from the true teaching of the Church.

Answer 35

Marcion

Question 36

He equated the God of the Old Testament as undeserving to be God because of the wars and conflicts that were recorded in his name.

Answer 36

Marcion

Question 37

He also formulated his own canon of scriptures that excluded the whole Old Testament.

Answer 37

Marcion

Question 38

Made an important mark in the history of the Church when its leader, Montanus (135 A.D.), claimed a special inspiration from the Holy Spirit.

Answer 38

Montanism

Question 39

Montanus, in_______, proclaimed to his fellow Christians, with ecstatic behavior and strange, obscure language, that he was the mouthpiece and prophet of the Holy Spirit.

Answer 39

Phrygia

Question 40

claimed that through him, to lead the Church to all truth.

Answer 40

Montanus

Question 41

At first it was received with some doubts but later two women Priscilla and Maximillia joined him in uttering prophecies.

Answer 41

Montanus

Question 42

After these series of prophesies, Montanus promised his adherents a higher place in the approaching heavenly Jerusalem, then a wave of enthusiasm swept all hesitations.

In the year 200, Montanism was condemned by_________________, putting a gradual end of the movement.

Answer 42

Pope Zephyrinus

Question 43

Was founded by______ (216-276)
a Persian priest who had the deliberate plan to unite in a new religion the best elements of the old.

Answer 43

Mani

Manichaeism

Question 44

He retained the ascetical practice of Gnosticism and its attitude on matters of evil.

Answer 44

Manicheanism

Question 45

He preached that there is a fundamental battle between good and evil, with opposing forces struggling for the souls of humans.

Answer 45

Manicheanism

Question 46

He claimed that all great religious teachers, Jesus included, had come to teach people about the world of light, and how they might struggle toward it, by ascetical practices such as celibacy and vegetarianism

Answer 46

Manicheanism

Question 47

Manicheanism rose to greater prominence when it won _____________ of Hippo as one of their members.

Answer 47

Saint Augustin

Question 48

But Augustine’s conversion to Christian faith turned him into an ultimate adversary of_________ and the great defender of Christian practice and doctrine.

Answer 48

Manicheanism