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Gastro > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of acute hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver <6 months

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2
Q

Causes of hepatitis (8)

A
  1. Viral
  2. Alcohol
  3. Cholestasis
  4. Autoimmune
  5. Drugs
  6. Ischaemia
  7. Non-alcoholic fatty liver
  8. Giant cell
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3
Q

Types of viral hepatitis

  • Transmission
  • Antigens
  • (Incubation period)
  • Severity, chronicity
  • Vaccine
A
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4
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis

  • Risk factors (2)
  • Histopathological features (4)
A

Risk factors

  1. Chronic alcoholism (>80g per day for men, >40g for women)
  2. Hepatitis C

Histopathological features

  1. Micronodular cirrhosis
  2. Fatty changes
  3. Mallory bodies
  4. Chicken wire fibrosis
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5
Q

Drug-induced hepatitis

  • Risk factors (3)
  • Drug classes causing hepatitis (4)
A

Risk factors

  • Female sex
  • Advanced age
  • Genetics

Drugs

  • Paracetamol
  • Antibiotics
  • CNS drugs
  • Herbal remedies, mushroom poisoning
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6
Q

Risk factors for non-alcholic fatty liver (4)

A
  1. Metabolic syndrome
  2. Obesity
  3. Hyperlipidaemia
  4. Diabetes
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7
Q

Symptoms of acute hepatitis (3)

A
  1. Loss of appetite + aversion to smoking in smokers
  2. Jaundice
  3. Non-specific viral symptoms: fever, malaise, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

Viral hepatitis is more likely to be asymptomatic in children. Symptomatic individuals present after a convalescent stage of 7-10 days, with total illness lasting weeks.

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8
Q

Symptoms of chronic hepatitis

A

Often asymptomatic. Otherwise, nonspecific (maliase, loss of appetite, fatigue, etc)

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9
Q

Signs of hepatitis (3)

A
  1. Jaundice
  2. Tender hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
  3. Enlarged lymph nodes (5%)
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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis

A
  • Weight loss
  • Easy bruising/bleeding
  • Peripheral oedema, ascites
  • Haematemesis (oseophageal varices)
  • Hepatic encephalopathy (confusion, coma)
  • Hepatorenal syndrome (kidney failure)
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11
Q

Interpretation of liver biochemistry and liver function tests

  • ALT
  • AST
  • AST:ALT ratio
  • ALP
  • GGT
  • Bilirubin
  • Bile acids
  • Albumin
  • Prothrombin time
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
A
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12
Q

Hepatitis B serology

  • 3 markers and their interpretation
A
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13
Q

Hepatitis B serology interpretation

A
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Gastro (24 decks)

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