Henry VIII religion Flashcards
1
Q
How did Colet expand his ideas?
A
- He founded Magdalen college and St Paul’s school in London
- He showed initiative by picking school governor members from the city guild rather than clergymen and he set a humanist curriculum
- Platonist educational principles were used
2
Q
How did Wolsey develop humanism?
A
- He founded Corpus Christi college, Cardinal college and St John’s college (Cambridge) plus a school in Ipswich implementing educational reforms
- He gained a professorship in Greek
3
Q
What was the role of Erasmus?
A
- Supported English intellectual circles and influenced younger humanists
- More demonstrated his support for him in 1518 when controversy over the Greek new testament at Oxford led some dons to condemn the study of Greek
4
Q
How did renaissance ideas influence English culture?
A
- Knowledge of classical learning increases within the upper class
- Schools became influenced by humanist principles
- Henry saw himself as a promoter of new ideas and of humanism to give himself international recognition
- The crown used well educated diplomats to communicate with foreign powers
- Thomas More, Lupset and Starkey wrote with humanist influences
- In Lady chapel, Pietro Torrigiano produced the tombs for Henry’s parents and his grandmother, Lady Margaret Beaufort
- King’s college was built to celebrate Henry and Anne’s marriage in the perpendicular gothic style
- Wolsey was a music patron and flemish music was heard in chapels and cathedrals
- Painters like Hans Holbein were prominent in court
5
Q
What is non - resisdence?
A
Receiving profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties associated with it
6
Q
What were the weaknesses of the church?
A
- Many clergymen were corrupt through pluralism, simony, and non - residence and Wolsey is a prominent example
- Lawyers critised the legal privileges of the church and church law’s superiority
- Anticlericalism still existed but Henry used it to his advantage to gain his divorce
- In 1514, Richard Hunne was found dead in his cell in the bishop of London’s prison. Hunne used to be a London merchant and Lollard. He apparently hung himself but he was clearly murdered after an inspection from a coroner making it a clerical misconduct
- Simon Fish wrote supplication of the beggais in 1529 to critise the church
- Christopher Haigh saw anticlericalism as a consequence of the reformation
- 20 houses become dissolved in the 1520s to fund Cardinal College
7
Q
What was early English Protestantism like?
A
- In 1517, Martin Luther hung a list of demands to reform the church especially salvation teachings to a door gaining support from secular rulers in Germany against Catholicism
- Lollard beliefs still survived
- In the 1520s, German reformers spread ideas to London and the east coast
- Robert Barnes, Thomas Cranmer and Hugh Latimer and others met in the white horse in Cambridge to discuss Protestantism but it remained small
8
Q
What were the changes in Erasmianism?
A
- He embraced the humanist belief of an individual’s belief in self - improvement and the fundamental role of education through the main ideas of tolerance, concord and free-thinking matters of indifference
- From 1529, More and Bishop Fisher entered the royal circle as Erasmus supporters
- Bishop Gardiner and Tunstall were supportive of the reforms to maintain their position
- Cranmer enjoyed support from Henry despite enemies like Norfolk
- John Cheke and Roger Askham were in favor as Edward and Elizabeth’s tutors
- Katherine Parr had a humanist circle because she received a humanist education and she was a patron of arts and literature
9
Q
What were the structural changes to the church?
A
- The king controlled religion through becoming the supreme head of the church in 1534
- Six new dioceses were created despite one being abolished to improve church administration
- Jurisdiction of the pope was destroyed
10
Q
What continued in structure?
A
- Henry only became the physical head of the church as the pope didn’t control religion because of the Erastian relationship
- Cromwell became vicegenerent in spirituals in 1534 giving him considerable power over archbishops and bishops but the position died with him in 1540
- The hierarchy of the church remained
- Spiritual jurisdiction was still in the hands of bishops and archbishops contrasting to reformed churches in continental Europe
11
Q
What changed in the dissolution of the monasteries?
A
- In 1535, Cromwell ordered the Valor Ecclesiastictus to discover the wealth of the church through its resources
- Four visitors were sent around the country to inspect monasteries to find criticism
- An act of parliament in 1536 dissolved smaller monasteries with an income of £200 or less per year
- The pilgrimage of grace encouraged heads of religious houses to voluntarily surrender
- An act in 1539 set to dissolve all monasteries which was completed by March 1540 increasing the funds to the crown
12
Q
What continued for the dissolution of the monasteries?
A
- 20 monasteries were dissolved in the 1520s implying it didn’t happen due to the reformation
- Churchland already came under crown land
13
Q
Which houses flourished until their dissolution?
A
Observant Franciscans and Bridgettines
14
Q
What were the changes in religious practices?
A
- Issues in royal junctions in 1536 and 38 placed restrictions on the number of holy days, discouraged pilgrimages, honoring relics and images deemed unsuitable
- Traditional worship was now radical
- Local saints like St Wilfrid saw a decline
15
Q
What continued for religious practices?
A
- There was already opposition against the church
- The essence of a church service remained the same with the bible being read, services in Latin, music being played in services, cathedrals and collegiate churches
