Henry VII foreign policy Flashcards
Who did Duchess Anne marry?
Charles VIII of France
What was Henry’s foreign policies against Brittany and France?
- France invaded Brittany in 1487 and Henry had an obligation to protect Brittany as one power on the channel would threaten England and Brittany protected Henry when he was a refugee
- England and Brittany signed the treaty of Redon in which duchess Anne of Brittany would pay for a small English army in 1489
- The Breton crisis caused Henry to spend £100,000 on 12,000 men army in 1492
- France didn’t want a war as they wanted to invade Italy so in November, the treaty of Etaples was passed allowing Henry to have £5000 a year as long as didn’t attack France and France would give up support for Warbeck
What were the policies against Ireland?
- Henry only controlled the pale in Ireland and the rest had been run by the earl of Kildare since 1477
- Kildare supported Yorkists and he even crowned Simnel in 1487
- Henry made his son, Henry, lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as deputy in order to assert more authority over Ireland
- He also sent an army there
- In 1495, Poynings’ law was passed meaning Irish parliament couldn’t pass a law without permission from English parliament
- In 1496, Poynings’ law had to be recalled as it was too expensive so he had to rely on Kildare who swore allegiance to him
When was the Auld alliance set up?
1295
What were the policies against Scotland?
- In 1486, Henry signed a 3 year truce with James III
- But, James died in 1488 leaving the throne to his 15 year old so James
- In 1495, Warbeck gained support in Scotland as he received a pension and he married James’ cousin Lady Catherine Gordon
- Warbeck tried to attack England in 1496 but it gained no support
- Due to the Cornish rebellion, they signed a truce at Ayton
- The treaty of perpetual peace was signed in 1502 allowing James IV and Henry’s daughter Margaret to marry in 1503
What were the policies of the treaty of Medina del Campo?
- the countries offered support to one another during an attack
- they agreed not to harbour pretenders
- there was a marriage alliance made between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
What were policies against Spain?
- Spain and England singed the treaty of Medina del Campo in 1489
- However, Ferdinand was reluctant for the marriage to go ahead due to the threat was Warbeck and an unsettled dowry
- The marriage was agreed in 1499 and the pair married 2 years later but Arthur died in 1502
- Ferdinand was reluctant for Catherine to remarry as she needed a papal dispension and he was fighting with his daughter Juana for the throne of Castile as Isabella died in 1504
- Juana and her husband was shipwrecked in 1506 on their way to Spain and they had to go to England to sign the treaty of Windsor
- However Philip died weakening Juana’s claim and relations became weaker as Henry and Catherine couldn’t marry until Henry VII died
What were the policies of the treaty of Windsor?
- the intercursus malus was passed (restoring trade relations with England and Burgundy) but it wasn’t enforced
- the imprisonment of the earl of Suffolk
- a proposed marriage between Henry and Philip’s sister Archduchess Margaret
- Henry’s recognition of Juana and Philip of the rulers of Castile
Who and when did he hold jurisdiction over the Netherlands?
In 1494, Maximillian’s 16 year old son, Philip gained jurisdiction over the Netherlands
What was Henry’s policies against Burgundy, the Netherlands and the holy roman empire?
- Most of England’s exports went to the Netherlands
- Margaret of Burgundy and Maximillian, holy roman emperor, harboured and supported Warbeck
- Henry placed a trade ban in 1493 angering London and East coast merchants
- The trade ban was lifted by the signing of intercursus magnus
- The intercursus malus was signed in 1506 helping to strengthen trade links by giving English merchants in Flanders more power but it wasn’t enforced
Where was a trade ban not placed?
Flanders
What proposed marriage were made for Henry VII?
- Catherine of Aragon
- Archduchess Margaret
Who and when did princess Mary marry?
Louis XII of France on the 9th of October 1514
When did Henry marry Catherine?
11th June 1509
When did Arthur marry Catherine?
14th November 1501
