Elizabeth I religion Flashcards
What was the 1559 act of uniformity?
- In the prayer book, the black rubric which was to explain away the practice of kneeling at the administration of the Eucharist was omitted
- It allowed more catholic ornaments and dress banned in 1549 which many newly appointed bishops (previously exiled) didn’t believe it would be enforced and Calvinist clergy objected to them as they saw it as popish
- It introduced a modified version of the 1552 prayer book as the variations of Eucharist belief from 1549 which contemporarily conservative Gardiner accepted and it derived from Zwingli beliefs to be less radical
- Protestants could return allowing Elizabeth to be seen as Deborah
What was the 1559 act of supremacy?
- She described herself as supreme governor as a concession to catholic opinion
- Papal supremacy was rejected
- Reformation legislation from Henry VIII’s reign was restored
- Heresy laws under Mary were repealed
- An oath of supremacy was taken by clergymen and church officials and people were deprived of their posts for not doing it
- Royal visitations of the church were enjoyed as commissioner visits, reform, order and amend all such errors, heresies, and abuses
What did the 1559 royal injunctions state?
- Wives of the clergy had to produce a certificate signifying their fitness and showing distaste for clerical marriage similar to Mary
- emphasis on the suppression of superstition and the need to plant true religion to the extirpation of all hypocrisies, enormities, and abuses
- The eucharist should be simple such as a table rather than an alter
- pilgrimages and the use of candles were described as man’s fantasies
- wanted an English bible reasserting the 1538 injunctions
- Erasmus’ paraphrases were required in a church
How many clergymen were deprived of their posts and what proves it was mostly ordinary clergymen?
- 2000
- The act book of the visitors in the province of York showed visitors were interested in important members of the clergy such as bishops, deans, and cathedral canons
What Catholic changes did Elizabeth make?
- One Marian bishop stayed in office
- Distrust of preaching
- Ensured the preservation of the musical culture within cathedrals and university colleges
- Emphasised the Erastian nature of the Church of England
What Protestant changes did Elizabeth make?
- Exiles believed Elizabeth would protect them from the evils and superstitions of Catholics
- People became Protestant to ensure their loyalty to the queen
- New bishops were mostly moderate such as Matthew Parker (Chaplain to Anne Boleyn) as Archbishop of Canterbury
- Many new bishops were returning exiles
- Attempts to shape the hierarchy of the church to become more evangelical
- Cecil and Dudley believed it would create a true church of England which saw England as God’s elect nation leading to Puritanism
What happened in 1562?
An apology of the chur hof England was published by John Jewel which argued the church returning to its true position aligning with the belief of reformers
What was the 39 articles act of religion?
It was passed in 1563 helping to define the differences between the church of England and the Catholic church by showing support of reformed Swiss doctrines through beliefs. It also exposed how catholic the church remained
What was religion in 1563?
- Elizabeth viewed the state of religion as largely positive
- the clergy being concerned about the unreformed nature of the church
- catholics found it difficult to practice their faith
Who were puritans?
- grew rapidly in the 1560s - 70s
- they believed in the eradication of popish superstitions and their emergence can be traced back to the failure of the convocation of Canterbury in 1563
- tensions emerged between Elizabeth who wanted conformity and obediance and puritans who wanted simplicity
What was the Vestment controversy?
- several fisures in the church couldn’t obey the rules on clerical dress laid down by royal injuctions and act of uniformity
- Elizabeth showed authority by dismissing Oxford academic Thomas Sampson from his post for not wearing vestments
- Archbishop Parker and five bishops issued the advertisements in March 1566 which required the clergy to follow the uniformity of rites and manners in the administration of the sacraments and one decent behaviour in their outward apparel
- thirty - seven London clergymen refused support so were deprived of their posts
Who were Presbyterians?
- they believed the church had calvinist doctrine but not with structure and worship, this extended to organisation and discipline after the Vestarian controversy
- they believed the office of bishop should be abolished, all ministers should be equal in status and lay elders should have a key administrative role
What did the two admonitions by John Field address?
- the common book of prayers
- the abolition of bishops then wanted a presbytarian system of government in churches
What was the pamphlet war?
Thomas Cartwright who believed popish principles made the church flawed and John Whitgift who argued the attitude was destructive and woud split the church
Where did Presbytarianism grow?
London, Essex, Cambridge, Suffolk and parts of the East Midlands
Who in government initially support the movement?
- The earl of Huntingdon
- Leicester
- Burghley
They all defended clergymen who fell foul of the authorities because of their alleged sympathy for the presbytarian movement
