Elizabeth I government Flashcards
How many staff were in the household?
1500
How often did the privy chamber meet?
Twice a week
What was the privy council responsible for?
- to enforce laws and regulations
- to oversee arrangements for national defence
- to enforce the 1559 religious settlement
- to adjudicate partly as a court of law in star chamber and as a board to local maladministration
- to manage parliament but their extent of power can be questioned throughout the period
- to discuss matters of state and offer policy advice
- to manage crown finances with the lord treasuer and chancellor of the exchequer
- to oversee operation an receive appeals from regional councils
- to administer the realm through lord lieutenants, sheriffs, JPs, tax commisioners and borough councils
How many members were there of the privy council?
10
Why can the power of the privy chamber be overestimated?
Elizabeth often consulted ministers on an individual basis
What is patronage?
- giving gifts such as lands, office, monopolies (having th right to produce or sell a good) and titles for loyalty
- a key example is cecil
- being given an office in church, central governmetn, law or the royal household is the most valued gift from the monarch
- elizabeth gave 18 perage titles in her reign but by 1603, there were less peers by 1558
What changed and continued in the royal court?
- the court became more ceremonial
- the ability to go through the presence chamber
- gentlemen of the privy chamber no longer had rights to the monarch
- court remained under lord chamberlain’s jurisdiction
- court expanded from Henry VII but can be seen as similar to Henry VIII
- royal finances grew
- people still gained positions through connections to the monarch
- she heavily relied on her council
- people in power were elizabeth’s close relatives rather than clergymen such as Lord Hunsdon in 1585 as lord chamberlain who was elizabeth’s cousin
What caused the breakdown between Elizabeth and her councillors?
- the execution of Mary, queen of Scots
- issues between England and Spain
- religion
- marriage and succession
What problems did Elizabeth’s council face from the late 1580s?
- lots of ministers died by 1597, the council only had 11 members
- she didn’t want to make replacements due to their loyalty so she had to rely on middle - aged sons of her former ministers with limited skills
- lack of senior noblemen on the council
- she refuses for William Cecil to retire and forced to give some duties to his son
- tensions with the earl of Essex
- herconciliar government was affected by factional rivalries
- not a single meber had complete control of patronage
- Dudley and Cecil disagreed over marriage
- The rule of Cecil and Elizabeth was unpopular and the Essex rebellion reflects larger discontent
Who were the conservative government members?
- Sir Christopher Hatton
- The earl of Sussex
- The earl of Shrewbury
- Thomas Howard
- Lord treasurer the Marquis of Winchester
- Sir James Croft
Who were the protestant members of the council?
- Sir Francis Walsingham
- Sir Walter Mildmay
- Sir Ralph Sadler
- Sir Thomas Smith
- Sir Henry Sidney
- The earl of Leicester
- The earl of Warwick
- Burghley
What is Neale’s puritan choir thesis?
The commons were organised and characterised through conflict due to parliament’s increasing importance by encouraging factionalism and protestant reforms
What does Eltom argue?
He geld a revisionist based view on parliamenr as ther was more cooperation thatn conflict as any conflict was infrequent, not organised and posed a limited threat for Elizabeth
How many acts did parliament pass?
438
How many new borough seats were created?
62